Exercise Science Department, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 Mar;31:105-13. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0011-y. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is common practice for increasing range of motion, though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. The purpose of this study was to review possible mechanisms, proposed theories, and physiological changes that occur due to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Four theoretical mechanisms were identified: autogenic inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, stress relaxation, and the gate control theory. The studies suggest that a combination of these four mechanisms enhance range of motion. When completed prior to exercise, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation decreases performance in maximal effort exercises. When this stretching technique is performed consistently and post exercise, it increases athletic performance, along with range of motion. Little investigation has been done regarding the theoretical mechanisms of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, though four mechanisms were identified from the literature. As stated, the main goal of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is to increase range of motion and performance. Studies found both of these to be true when completed under the correct conditions. These mechanisms were found to be plausible; however, further investigation needs to be conducted. All four mechanisms behind the stretching technique explain the reasoning behind the increase in range of motion, as well as in strength and athletic performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation shows potential benefits if performed correctly and consistently.
本体感受神经肌肉促进法（PNF）是增加运动范围的常用方法，尽管很少有研究评估其背后的理论。本研究旨在回顾本体感受神经肌肉促进技术可能的机制、提出的理论和发生的生理变化。确定了四个理论机制：自主抑制、交互抑制、应激松弛和门控理论。研究表明，这四种机制的结合可以增强运动范围。在运动前完成时，本体感受神经肌肉促进会降低最大努力运动的表现。当这种伸展技术持续进行并在运动后进行时，它会提高运动表现和运动范围。关于本体感受神经肌肉促进的理论机制的研究很少，但从文献中确定了四个机制。如前所述，本体感受神经肌肉促进的主要目标是增加运动范围和性能。研究发现，在正确的条件下完成这两项任务都是真实的。这些机制被认为是合理的；然而，需要进行进一步的研究。伸展技术背后的所有四个机制都解释了运动范围增加的原因，以及力量和运动表现的提高。如果正确且一致地进行，本体感受神经肌肉促进法可能会带来益处。
