Department of Physiology, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 Oct;34:81-8. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0066-9. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
The physiological adaptation to training is specific to the muscle activity, dominant energy system involved, muscle groups trained, as well as intensity and volume of training. Despite increasing popularity of snowboarding only little scientific data is available on the physiological characteristics of female and male competitive snowboarders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic capacity and maximal anaerobic power of elite Polish snowboarders with untrained subjects. Ten snowboarders and ten aged matched students of Physical Education performed two exercise tests. First, a 30-second Wingate test was conducted and next, a cycle ergometer exercise test with graded intensity. In the first test, peak anaerobic power, the total work, relative peak power and relative mean power were measured. During the second test, relative maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were evaluated. There were no significant differences in absolute and relative maximal oxygen uptake between snowboarders and the control group. Mean maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were significantly higher in men than in women. Significant differences were found between trained men and women regarding maximal power and relative maximal power. The elite snowboarders demonstrated a high level of anaerobic power. The level of relative peak power in trained women correlated negatively with maximal oxygen uptake. In conclusion, our results seem to indicate that the demanding competition program of elite snowboarders provides a significant training stimulus mainly for anaerobic power with minor changes in anaerobic performance.
训练引起的生理适应是特定于肌肉活动、涉及的主要能量系统、训练的肌肉群以及训练的强度和量。尽管滑雪板运动越来越受欢迎，但关于竞技滑雪板运动员的生理特征的科学数据却很少。因此，本研究的目的是比较男女精英波兰滑雪板运动员的有氧能力和最大无氧能力与未经训练的受试者。10 名滑雪板运动员和 10 名年龄匹配的体育教育学生进行了两项运动测试。首先进行了 30 秒的瓦格纳测试，然后进行了递增强度的自行车测力计运动测试。在第一个测试中，测量了峰值无氧功率、总功、相对峰值功率和相对平均功率。在第二个测试中，评估了相对最大摄氧量和乳酸阈。滑雪板运动员和对照组之间的绝对和相对最大摄氧量没有显著差异。男性的平均最大摄氧量和乳酸阈明显高于女性。男性和女性之间的最大力量和相对最大力量存在显著差异。精英滑雪板运动员表现出较高的无氧能力。受过训练的女性的相对峰值功率与最大摄氧量呈负相关。总之，我们的结果似乎表明，精英滑雪板运动员的高要求的比赛项目主要为无氧能力提供了显著的训练刺激，而无氧能力的变化较小。
