Bacik Bogdan, Kurpas Wioletta, Marszałek Wojciech, Wodarski Piotr, Sobota Grzegorz, Starzyński Michał, Gzik Marek
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Biomechatronics Department, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Mar 31;72:29-38. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0006. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Understanding the structure and variability of motion is essential for sports technique development and an effective training design. Biomechanical analysis is particularly important in new disciplines with spatially complex motions, such as snowboarding. This study aimed to evaluate the level of variability of the kinematic variables in a single backside snowboard flip known as a "wildcat". Forty-six correct flips performed by 7 experienced athletes (age: 24.9 ± 4.34 year; body mass: 71.6 ± 12.87 kg; body height: 177.4 ± 6.99 cm) were recorded using an optoelectronic VICON system in the controlled setting of an indoor freestyle park. Athletes were equipped with special boards with wheels and the geometry of the ramps corresponded to the actual on-snow conditions. The analysis revealed two distinct single flip strategies, which differed in the way the tuck position was sustained. For all the measured variables, the coefficient of variation was computed, which allowed to identify the athlete with the highest (average 45.3%) and lowest (average 20.5%) variability of kinematic variables. Moreover, it was shown that the lowest values of the coefficient of variation occurred at the end of the grouping phase (average 14%) and that among all the different variables, those related to the duration of motion were most unstable (average 63%, SD = 48.5%).
了解运动的结构和变异性对于运动技术发展和有效的训练设计至关重要。生物力学分析在具有空间复杂运动的新学科中尤为重要，例如单板滑雪。本研究旨在评估一种名为“野猫”的单后空翻单板滑雪动作中运动学变量的变异程度。在室内自由式公园的受控环境中，使用光电VICON系统记录了7名经验丰富的运动员（年龄：24.9±4.34岁；体重：71.6±12.87千克；身高：177.4±6.99厘米）完成的46次正确空翻。运动员配备了带轮子的特殊滑板，坡道的几何形状与实际雪上条件相符。分析揭示了两种不同的单空翻策略，它们在保持团身姿势的方式上有所不同。对于所有测量变量，计算了变异系数，从而确定了运动学变量变异最高（平均45.3%）和最低（平均20.5%）的运动员。此外，研究表明变异系数的最低值出现在分组阶段结束时（平均14%），并且在所有不同变量中，与运动持续时间相关的变量最不稳定（平均63%，标准差=48.5%）。
