Rieder H L, Zimmermann H, Zwahlen M, Billo N E
Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen, Bern.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1990 May 22;79(21):675-9.
Mortality for tuberculosis declined from an average of 7.5% per year in 1952 to 1.7 in 1988, tuberculosis incidence declined by 5 to 6% per year since 1945 to 17.4% in 1988, and the annual risk of infection declined by 11.4% per year since 1945 to 10.9 per 100,000 inhabitants respectively. The crude prevalence of tuberculous infection in the Swiss population is estimated to be 22.3% for the year 1990. The age-specific prevalence of infection is mirrored in age-specific morbidity. Among Swiss citizens, tuberculosis has become a disease of the elderly and is on the brink of elimination. In contrast, tuberculosis among foreigners (40% of cases in 1988) occurs mainly among the young who experience a more than 10-fold elevated risk compared to their Swiss age peers. These data suggest that case-finding and contact investigations are the major intervention tools against tuberculosis in the Swiss population. The increased tuberculosis risk among foreigners and the young age of these patients suggest that identification of those at high risk and their preventive treatment will have to be pursued actively.
结核病死亡率从1952年的平均每年7.5%降至1988年的1.7%，自1945年以来结核病发病率每年下降5%至6%，到1988年降至17.4%，自1945年以来年感染风险每年下降11.4%，分别降至每10万居民10.9例。据估计，1990年瑞士人群结核感染的粗患病率为22.3%。感染的年龄别患病率反映在年龄别发病率上。在瑞士公民中，结核病已成为一种老年疾病，且正处于消除的边缘。相比之下，外国人中的结核病（1988年占病例的40%）主要发生在年轻人中，他们与同龄瑞士人相比风险高出10倍以上。这些数据表明，病例发现和接触者调查是瑞士人群中防治结核病的主要干预手段。外国人中结核病风险增加以及这些患者的年轻表明，必须积极识别高危人群并对其进行预防性治疗。
