Schauvliege Stijn, Gasthuys Frank
Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2013 Apr;29(1):19-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2012.11.011. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
Despite the use of balanced anesthesia and fluids, drugs for cardiovascular support are often needed in anesthetized horses. Antimuscarinics can be used to treat bradycardia unrelated to hypertension. Vasopressors can be useful when hypotension is caused by vasodilation and/or when the effect of fluids and inotropes is insufficient. In most cases, however, inotropes, including sympathomimetics, calcium salts, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, are preferred. Of the β-sympathomimetics, dobutamine remains the agent of choice. Calcium salts are mainly useful in hypocalcemic patients. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may offer an alternative solution, but more research is needed.
尽管使用了平衡麻醉和液体疗法，但麻醉马匹通常仍需要使用心血管支持药物。抗胆碱能药物可用于治疗与高血压无关的心动过缓。当低血压由血管舒张引起和/或液体及正性肌力药物的效果不足时，血管升压药可能会有用。然而，在大多数情况下，包括拟交感神经药、钙盐和磷酸二酯酶抑制剂在内的正性肌力药物是首选。在β-拟交感神经药中，多巴酚丁胺仍然是首选药物。钙盐主要对低钙血症患者有用。磷酸二酯酶抑制剂可能提供一种替代解决方案，但还需要更多研究。
