ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013 Oct;13(4):1026-34. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12050. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing muscle strength of hands, the dominant arm and legs in Spanish institutionalized elderly people according to sex, age and cognitive status.
A total of 153 elderly subjects (102 females, 51 males, mean age 83.6 ± 6.8 years) living in the region of Madrid were measured for handgrip strength (kg) with a Takei TKK 5101 digital dynamometer (range 5-100 kg, precision 0.1 kg), and arm and leg endurance strength (repetitions) according to the Rikli and Jones tests. Cognitive status was determined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
The values for men and women were, respectively: 23.5 ± 7.3 kg and 11.6 ± 4.6 kg (right handgrip), 22.0 ± 7.8 kg and 10.7 ± 4.8 kg (left handgrip), 13 ± 5 and 10 ± 5 repetitions (arm strength), 8 ± 5 and 5 ± 4 repetitions (legs strength), and 21 ± 6 and 17 ± 7 (MMSE score). All parameters were significantly higher for men (P ≤ 0.01), but strength decline with age was less pronounced in women. In all MMSE groups, lower strength was associated with lower cognitive status.
Strength values were lower in older subjects in both sexes; this difference was higher in men than in women. Higher strength values were associated with better cognitive status, which was the most influencing variable, even more than sex and age.
本横断面研究旨在根据性别、年龄和认知状态评估西班牙机构老年人手部、优势手臂和腿部的肌肉力量。
共有 153 名居住在马德里地区的老年人（女性 102 名，男性 51 名，平均年龄 83.6±6.8 岁）接受了泰科 TKK5101 数字测力计（范围 5-100kg，精度 0.1kg）的握力（kg）测量，以及根据 Rikli 和 Jones 测试的手臂和腿部耐力力量（重复次数）测量。认知状态通过简易精神状态检查（MMSE）确定。
男性和女性的数值分别为：23.5±7.3kg 和 11.6±4.6kg（右手握力）、22.0±7.8kg 和 10.7±4.8kg（左手握力）、13±5 和 10±5 次（手臂力量）、8±5 和 5±4 次（腿部力量）和 21±6 和 17±7（MMSE 评分）。所有参数在男性中均显著更高（P≤0.01），但女性的力量随年龄下降的幅度较小。在所有 MMSE 组中，较低的力量与较低的认知状态相关。
在两性中，年龄较大的受试者的力量值较低；男性的差异高于女性。较高的力量值与较好的认知状态相关，这是最具影响力的变量，甚至超过性别和年龄。
