State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 7;47(9):4677-85. doi: 10.1021/es303805k. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Previously, much of the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) research has focused on perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) or perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs). Recent studies indicate that known PFCAs and PFSAs accounted for 5-95% of the organofluorine (OF) in human and wild rat blood samples suggesting that a relatively large proportion of OF remained unknown. Until recently, some studies reported commercially available compounds such as polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs) and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSAs) in human blood and sludge samples. The present investigation is a pilot study aiming at surveying some newly identified PFASs such as diPAPs, FTSAs, and perfluorinated phosphinates (PFPiAs) in different environmental samples including surface water, sediment, sewage treatment plant influent and effluent, sludge, benthic worm, and human blood from Hong Kong. DiPAPs (6:2, 6:2/8:2, and 8:2) were detected in some of the samples at part-per-billion (ppb) levels in sludge, sub ppb levels in influent and effluent, sediment, worm, and human blood samples, and sub part-per-trillion (ppt) levels in surface waters. Sub ppt to ppb levels of 6:2 and 8:2 FTSAs were observed in worm, surface water, and human blood samples. PFPiAs were only observed in worm samples. The detected "new PFASs" accounted for a minor proportion (less than 5%) of the total PFASs in benthic worm and human blood, but up to 95% in sewage sludge samples from Hong Kong. This is the first report of commercial fluorosurfactants (PFPiAs, diPAPs, and FTSAs) in the samples from the environment and human blood in Hong Kong; further information on the distribution, fate, and transport of "new PFASs" in other Asian cities, as well as toxicity, is needed for further assessing the human exposure and risk.
此前，大多数全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的研究都集中在全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCAs) 或全氟烷磺酸 (PFSAs) 上。最近的研究表明，已知的 PFCAs 和 PFSAs 仅占人类和野生大鼠血液样本中有机氟 (OF) 的 5-95%，这表明相对较大比例的 OF 仍然未知。直到最近，一些研究报告了人类血液和污泥样本中一些商业上可用的化合物，如多氟烷基磷酸二酯 (diPAPs) 和氟代烷烃磺酸盐 (FTSAs)。本研究旨在调查香港不同环境样本（包括地表水、沉积物、污水处理厂进水和出水、污泥、底栖蠕虫和人类血液）中一些新鉴定的 PFASs，如 diPAPs、FTSAs 和全氟膦酸酯 (PFPiAs)，这是一项初步研究。在污泥中以部分十亿分之几 (ppb) 的浓度检测到 diPAPs (6:2、6:2/8:2 和 8:2)，在进水和出水、沉积物、蠕虫和人类血液样本中以亚 ppb 浓度检测到，在地表水样本中以亚部分十亿分之几 (ppt) 浓度检测到。在蠕虫、地表水和人类血液样本中观察到亚 ppt 至 ppb 水平的 6:2 和 8:2 FTSAs。仅在蠕虫样本中观察到 PFPiAs。检测到的“新 PFASs”在香港底栖蠕虫和人类血液中的总 PFASs 中仅占很小的比例（小于 5%），但在香港污水处理厂污泥样本中高达 95%。这是香港环境和人类血液样本中首次报告商业氟表面活性剂 (PFPiAs、diPAPs 和 FTSAs)；需要进一步了解其他亚洲城市“新 PFASs”的分布、命运和迁移情况，以及毒性，以进一步评估人类暴露和风险。
