Rabadán-Diehl C, Nathanielsz P
1 Office of Global Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2013 Feb;4(1):3-9. doi: 10.1017/S2040174412000487.
Developmental programming can be defined as a response to a specific challenge to the mammalian organism during a critical developmental time window that alters the trajectory of development with persistent effects on offspring phenotype and predisposition to future illness. We focus on the need for studies in relevant, well-characterized animal models in the context of recent research discoveries on the challenges, mechanisms and outcomes of developmental programming. We discuss commonalities and differences in general principles of developmental programming as they apply to several species, including humans. The consequences of these differences are discussed. Obesity, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases are associated with the highest percentage of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although many of the causes are associated with lifestyle, high-energy diets and lack of physical activity, recent evidence has linked developmental programming to the epidemic of metabolic diseases. A better understanding of comparative systems physiology of mother, fetus and neonate using information provided by rapid advances in molecular biology has the potential to improve the lifetime health of future generations by providing better women's health, diagnostic tools and preventative and therapeutic interventions in individuals exposed during their development to programming influences.
发育编程可定义为哺乳动物机体在关键发育时间窗口对特定挑战的一种反应，这种反应会改变发育轨迹，对后代表型和未来疾病易感性产生持久影响。鉴于近期有关发育编程的挑战、机制和结果的研究发现，我们关注在相关的、特征明确的动物模型中开展研究的必要性。我们讨论发育编程一般原则在包括人类在内的多个物种中的共性与差异，并探讨这些差异的后果。肥胖、代谢紊乱和心血管疾病在全球发病率和死亡率中占比较高。尽管许多病因与生活方式、高能量饮食和缺乏体育活动有关，但最近的证据已将发育编程与代谢疾病的流行联系起来。利用分子生物学快速发展所提供的信息，更好地理解母亲、胎儿和新生儿的比较系统生理学，有可能通过改善女性健康、提供诊断工具以及对在发育过程中受到编程影响的个体进行预防和治疗干预，来提高后代的终生健康水平。
