Division of Virology, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Shimane, Japan.
Food Environ Virol. 2013 Jun;5(2):119-25. doi: 10.1007/s12560-013-9109-1. Epub 2013 Mar 23.
Sapovirus (SaV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is an important acute gastroenteritis pathogen in humans. Consumption of raw or inadequately cooked clams is one transmission route of human SaV. Sixty individual clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) were from market and tested for human SaVs using two nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, one of which was recently developed and effectively detected human SaV from environmental water samples. The nested RT-PCR effective for water samples showed a higher detection rate (68.3 %, 41 of 60 clams) than the other nested RT-PCR (43.3 %, 26 of 60 clams). Based on the sequence analysis of the partial capsid region, SaV strains detected in this study were classified into nine genotypes: GI.1, GI.3, GI.5, GI.6, GI.7, GII.3, GII.4, GIV.1, and GV.1. We demonstrated for the first time the presence of multiple genogroups and/or genotypes of SaV strains in the individual clams. Using a more sensitive assay such as we described to test individual clam samples will help to identify the source of a SaV-gastroenteritis outbreak.
星状病毒（SaV）是杯状病毒科的一个成员，是人类急性胃肠炎的重要病原体。食用生的或未煮熟的蛤是人类 SaV 的一种传播途径。使用两种嵌套式逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法对从市场上采集的 60 个单个蛤（菲律宾蛤仔）进行了人类 SaV 检测，其中一种方法是最近开发的，可有效检测环境水样中的人类 SaV。针对水样有效的嵌套式 RT-PCR 检测方法（68.3%，60 个蛤中有 41 个）比另一种嵌套式 RT-PCR 检测方法（43.3%，60 个蛤中有 26 个）具有更高的检测率。基于部分衣壳区序列分析，本研究中检测到的 SaV 株分为 9 个基因型：GI.1、GI.3、GI.5、GI.6、GI.7、GII.3、GII.4、GIV.1 和 GV.1。我们首次证明了单个蛤中存在多种基因群和/或基因型的 SaV 株。使用我们所描述的更敏感的检测方法对单个蛤样本进行检测，将有助于确定 SaV 胃肠炎暴发的来源。
