Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013 Jun;15(3):242-50. doi: 10.1007/s11908-013-0333-5.
Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide and continues to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. No antiviral therapy is available. Treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis is limited to rehydration therapy. Recently, therapies, such as probiotics, have been developed as adjuncts to rehydration therapy. Two effective rotavirus vaccines are available and recommended for routine immunization of all infants. These vaccines have been introduced in both developed and developing countries. As rotavirus vaccines are implemented, studies that assess health impact, indirect benefits, and strain changes after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine have been reported. In the United States, rotavirus vaccination has led to dramatic drops in severe rotavirus-related hospitalizations and has reduced emergency room visits. Herd immunity has also been noted after routine rotavirus immunization. There have been no significant strain shifts or escape mutants noted since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines.
轮状病毒感染是全球婴幼儿严重腹泻病的最常见病因，仍然对儿童发病率和死亡率造成重大全球性影响。目前尚无抗病毒疗法。轮状病毒胃肠炎的治疗仅限于补液治疗。最近，益生菌等疗法已被开发为补液治疗的辅助手段。两种有效的轮状病毒疫苗已被开发出来，并建议对所有婴儿进行常规免疫接种。这些疫苗已在发达国家和发展中国家推出。随着轮状病毒疫苗的实施，已经有研究报告评估了疫苗接种后的健康影响、间接效益和病毒株变化。在美国，轮状病毒疫苗接种显著降低了严重轮状病毒相关住院率，并减少了急诊就诊。在常规轮状病毒免疫接种后，也观察到了群体免疫。自轮状病毒疫苗问世以来，尚未发现明显的病毒株变化或逃逸突变。
