Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 7;47(9):4088-95. doi: 10.1021/es400174y. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
A mass balance was assembled for perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in the Baltic Sea. Inputs (from riverine discharge, atmospheric deposition, coastal wastewater discharges, and the North Sea) and outputs (to sediment burial, transformation of the chemical, and the North Sea), as well as the inventory in the Baltic Sea, were estimated from recently published monitoring data. Formation of the chemicals in the water column from precursors was not considered. River inflow and atmospheric deposition were the dominant inputs, while wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents made a minor contribution (<5%). A mass balance of the Oder River watershed was assembled to explore the sources of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the river inflow. It indicated that WWTP effluents made only a moderate contribution to riverine discharge (21% for PFOA, 6% for PFOS), while atmospheric deposition to the watershed was 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than WWTP discharges. The input to the Baltic Sea exceeded the output for all four PFAAs, suggesting that inputs were higher during 2005-2010 than during the previous 20 years despite efforts to reduce emissions of PFAAs. One possible explanation is the retention and delayed release of PFAAs from atmospheric deposition in the soils and groundwater of the watershed.
建立了波罗的海全氟己酸（PFHxA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的质量平衡。输入（来自河流排放、大气沉积、沿海污水处理厂和北海）和输出（到沉积物埋藏、化学转化和北海）以及波罗的海的库存，是根据最近发表的监测数据估算的。未考虑在水柱中从前体形成化学物质。河川流入和大气沉积是主要的输入，而污水处理厂（WWTP）的废水仅占很小的比例（<5%）。建立了奥得河流域的质量平衡，以探讨河流流入物中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）的来源。结果表明，WWTP 废水对河流排放的贡献适中（PFOA 为 21%，PFOS 为 6%），而大气沉积到流域的量比 WWTP 排放的量高出 1-2 个数量级。输入到波罗的海的量超过了所有四种 PFAAs 的输出量，这表明尽管努力减少 PFAAs 的排放，但在 2005-2010 年期间的输入量仍高于前 20 年。一种可能的解释是，大气沉积在流域的土壤和地下水中的 PFAAs 的保留和延迟释放。
