Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR 1313, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Immunogenetics. 2013 Jun;65(6):447-59. doi: 10.1007/s00251-013-0697-6. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is located on the microchromosome 16 and is described as the most variable region in the genome. The genes of the MHC play a central role in the immune system. Particularly, genes encoding proteins involved in the antigen presentation to T cells. Therefore, describing the genetic polymorphism of this region is crucial in understanding host-pathogen interactions. The tandem repeat LEI0258 is located within the core area of the B region of the chicken MHC (MHC-B region) and its genotypes correlate with serology. This marker was used to provide a picture of the worldwide diversity of the chicken MHC-B region and to categorize chicken MHC haplotypes. More than 1,600 animals from 80 different populations or lines of chickens from Africa, Asia, and Europe, including wild fowl species, were genotyped at the LEI0258 locus. Fifty novel alleles were described after sequencing. The resulting 79 alleles were classified into 12 clusters, based on the SNPs and indels found within the sequences flanking the repeats. Furthermore, hypotheses were formulated on the evolutionary dynamics of the region. This study constitutes the largest variability report for the chicken MHC and establishes a framework for future diversity or association studies.
鸡主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）位于微染色体 16 上，被描述为基因组中最具变异性的区域。MHC 的基因在免疫系统中起着核心作用。特别是，编码参与抗原呈递给 T 细胞的蛋白质的基因。因此，描述该区域的遗传多态性对于理解宿主-病原体相互作用至关重要。串联重复 LEI0258 位于鸡 MHC（MHC-B 区）的 B 区核心区域内，其基因型与血清学相关。该标记物用于描绘鸡 MHC-B 区的全球多样性，并对鸡 MHC 单倍型进行分类。来自非洲、亚洲和欧洲的 80 个不同种群或鸡系的 1600 多只动物在 LEI0258 基因座上进行了基因分型，包括野生禽类。测序后描述了 50 个新等位基因。根据重复侧翼序列中发现的 SNP 和插入/缺失，将 79 个等位基因分为 12 个簇。此外，还对该区域的进化动态提出了假设。本研究是对鸡 MHC 最大变异性的报告，并为未来的多样性或关联研究奠定了框架。
