Research and Development, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA 50063, USA.
Poult Sci. 2020 Mar;99(3):1267-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.029. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
The chicken major histocompatibility B complex (MHC-B) region is of great interest owing to its very strong association with resistance to many diseases. Variation in the MHC-B was initially identified by hemagglutination of red blood cells with specific alloantisera. New technologies, developed to identify variation in biological materials, have been applied to the chicken MHC. Protein variation encoded by the MHC genes was examined by immunoprecipitation and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Increased availability of DNA probes, PCR, and sequencing resulted in the application of DNA-based methods for MHC detection. The chicken reference genome, completed in 2004, allowed further refinements in DNA methods that enabled more rapid examination of MHC variation and extended such analyses to include very diverse chicken populations. This review progresses from the inception of MHC-B identification to the present, describing multiple methods, plus their advantages and disadvantages.
鸡主要组织相容性复合体 B 区（MHC-B）因其与许多疾病的抗性有很强的关联而备受关注。MHC-B 的变异最初是通过与特定同种异型抗血清的红细胞凝集来识别的。为了识别生物材料的变异而开发的新技术已应用于鸡 MHC。通过免疫沉淀和二维凝胶电泳检查 MHC 基因编码的蛋白质变异。更多的 DNA 探针、PCR 和测序的可用性导致了基于 DNA 的 MHC 检测方法的应用。2004 年完成的鸡参考基因组进一步完善了 DNA 方法，使 MHC 变异的快速检测成为可能，并将此类分析扩展到包括非常多样化的鸡群。本综述从 MHC-B 的鉴定开始，一直描述到现在，描述了多种方法，以及它们的优缺点。
