National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Jul;57:161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.024. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
The aim of the present study was to examine the body burden of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) in blood among Swedish adults and the association between blood levels, diet and other lifestyle factors. The study was based on a subgroup (n=273) of the national survey Riksmaten 2010-2011 (4-day food records and questionnaire). Lead, Hg, and Cd were measured in whole blood, and Cd additionally in urine, by mass or fluorescence spectrometry methods. The median values (5-95th percentiles) of the metals in blood were as follows; Pb: 13.4 (5.8-28.6) μg/L, Hg: 1.13 (0.31-3.45) μg/L, and Cd: 0.19 (0.09-1.08) μg/L. All three metals increased with increasing age. Lead levels in blood were positively associated with intakes of game and alcohol, Hg was related to fish intake, and blood Cd related to smoking and low iron stores and to a low meat intake. Body burdens of the studied metals were generally below health based reference values, but several individuals had blood Pb levels above the reference point for possible nephrotoxic and developmental neurotoxic effects. As health effects cannot be excluded, individuals with high Pb exposure should aim at decreasing their body burden, both from food and from other exposure routes.
本研究旨在检测瑞典成年人血液中铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）和镉（Cd）的体内负荷，以及血液水平与饮食和其他生活方式因素之间的关系。该研究基于全国调查 Riksmaten 2010-2011 年的一个子组（n=273）（4 天的食物记录和问卷调查）。采用质谱或荧光光谱法，在全血中测量 Pb、Hg 和 Cd，在尿液中测量 Cd。血液中金属的中位数（5-95 百分位数）如下：Pb：13.4（5.8-28.6）μg/L，Hg：1.13（0.31-3.45）μg/L，Cd：0.19（0.09-1.08）μg/L。这三种金属均随年龄的增长而增加。血液中 Pb 水平与野味和酒精的摄入量呈正相关，Hg 与鱼类摄入量有关，而血液 Cd 与吸烟、铁储存量低和肉类摄入量低有关。所研究金属的体内负荷通常低于基于健康的参考值，但一些个体的血液 Pb 水平高于可能对肾脏和发育中的神经系统有毒性的参考点。由于不能排除健康影响，高 Pb 暴露的个体应努力降低其体内负荷，包括通过食物和其他暴露途径。
