银杏叶：适应证、作用机制和安全性。

Ginkgo biloba: indications, mechanisms, and safety.

机构信息

Neuropsychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Clinical Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.

出版信息

Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;36(1):73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2012.12.006.

DOI:10.1016/j.psc.2012.12.006

PMID:23538078

Abstract

Ginkgo biloba special extract (EGb761) is used in most randomized control trials. Indications include cognition and memory in Alzheimer disease, age-associated dementia, cerebral insufficiency, intermittent claudication, schizophrenia, and multi-infarct dementia. Dosages range from 80 to 720 mg/d for durations of 2 weeks to 2 years. Mechanisms of action include increasing cerebral blood flow, antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects, with antiplatelet effects attributed to flavone and terpene lactones. Possible interactions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, alprazolam, haloperidol, warfarin, and nifedipine have been reported. Optimal dosage/duration, dose-response characteristics, drug interactions, bioavailability, long-term effects, and optimal intervention timing should be the focus of future work.

摘要

银杏叶提取物（EGb761）是大多数随机对照试验中使用的药物。其适应证包括阿尔茨海默病、年龄相关性痴呆、脑功能不全、间歇性跛行、精神分裂症和多发梗塞性痴呆的认知和记忆障碍。剂量范围为 80 至 720 毫克/天，疗程为 2 周至 2 年。作用机制包括增加脑血流量、抗氧化和抗炎作用，黄酮和萜类内酯具有抗血小板作用。已报道银杏叶提取物与单胺氧化酶抑制剂、阿普唑仑、氟哌啶醇、华法林和硝苯地平存在相互作用。未来的研究应关注最佳剂量/疗程、剂量反应特征、药物相互作用、生物利用度、长期效应和最佳干预时机。