Golombek Diego A, Casiraghi Leandro P, Agostino Patricia V, Paladino Natalia, Duhart José M, Plano Santiago A, Chiesa Juan J
Laboratory of Chronobiology, National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Physiol Paris. 2013 Sep;107(4):310-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Mar 30.
Circadian rhythms are endogenous and need to be continuously entrained (synchronized) with the environment. Entrainment includes both coupling internal oscillators to external periodic changes as well as synchrony between the central clock and peripheral oscillators, which have been shown to exhibit different phases and resynchronization speed. Temporal desynchronization induces diverse physiological alterations that ultimately decrease quality of life and induces pathological situations. Indeed, there is a considerable amount of evidence regarding the deleterious effect of circadian dysfunction on overall health or on disease onset and progression, both in human studies and in animal models. In this review we discuss the general features of circadian entrainment and introduce diverse experimental models of desynchronization. In addition, we focus on metabolic, immune and cognitive alterations under situations of acute or chronic circadian desynchronization, as exemplified by jet-lag and shiftwork schedules. Moreover, such situations might lead to an enhanced susceptibility to diverse cancer types. Possible interventions (including light exposure, scheduled timing for meals and use of chronobiotics) are also discussed.
昼夜节律是内源性的，需要与环境持续同步（校准）。同步包括将内部振荡器与外部周期性变化相耦合，以及中央时钟与外周振荡器之间的同步，外周振荡器已被证明表现出不同的相位和重新同步速度。时间不同步会引发多种生理改变，最终降低生活质量并引发病理状况。事实上，在人体研究和动物模型中，都有大量证据表明昼夜节律功能障碍对整体健康或疾病的发生发展具有有害影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了昼夜节律同步的一般特征，并介绍了不同的不同步实验模型。此外，我们重点关注急性或慢性昼夜节律不同步情况下的代谢、免疫和认知改变，时差反应和轮班工作安排就是例证。此外，这种情况可能会导致对多种癌症类型的易感性增加。我们还讨论了可能的干预措施（包括光照、用餐定时和使用生物钟调节剂）。
