Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Biol Direct. 2013 Apr 4;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-8-8.
Invasive cell growth and migration is usually considered a specifically metazoan phenomenon. However, common features and mechanisms of cytoskeletal rearrangements, membrane trafficking and signalling processes contribute to cellular invasiveness in organisms as diverse as metazoans and plants - two eukaryotic realms genealogically connected only through the last common eukaryotic ancestor (LECA). By comparing current understanding of cell invasiveness in model cell types of both metazoan and plant origin (invadopodia of transformed metazoan cells, neurites, pollen tubes and root hairs), we document that invasive cell behavior in both lineages depends on similar mechanisms. While some superficially analogous processes may have arisen independently by convergent evolution (e.g. secretion of substrate- or tissue-macerating enzymes by both animal and plant cells), at the heart of cell invasion is an evolutionarily conserved machinery of cellular polarization and oriented cell mobilization, involving the actin cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway. Its central components - small GTPases (in particular RHO, but also ARF and Rab), their specialized effectors, actin and associated proteins, the exocyst complex essential for polarized secretion, or components of the phospholipid- and redox- based signalling circuits (inositol-phospholipid kinases/PIP2, NADPH oxidases) are aparently homologous among plants and metazoans, indicating that they were present already in LECA.
This article was reviewed by Arcady Mushegian, Valerian Dolja and Purificacion Lopez-Garcia.
细胞的侵袭性生长和迁移通常被认为是一种特有的后生动物现象。然而，细胞骨架重排、膜运输和信号转导过程的共同特征和机制，有助于后生动物和植物等生物的细胞侵袭——这两个真核生物领域仅通过最后的共同真核祖先（LECA）在系统发生上有联系。通过比较目前对后生动物和植物来源的模型细胞类型中细胞侵袭的理解（转化后生动物细胞的侵袭伪足、神经元突起、花粉管和根毛），我们证明了这两个谱系中侵袭性细胞行为依赖于类似的机制。虽然一些表面上类似的过程可能是通过趋同进化独立产生的（例如，动物和植物细胞都分泌基质或组织分解酶），但细胞侵袭的核心是一种进化上保守的细胞极化和定向细胞动员机制，涉及肌动蛋白细胞骨架和分泌途径。其核心成分——小 GTP 酶（特别是 RHO，但也包括 ARF 和 Rab）、它们的特殊效应器、肌动蛋白和相关蛋白、极化分泌所必需的外核体复合物，或基于磷脂和氧化还原的信号转导电路的成分（肌醇磷脂激酶/PIP2、NADPH 氧化酶）在植物和后生动物中显然是同源的，这表明它们已经存在于 LECA 中。
审阅人：这篇文章由 Arcady Mushegian、Valerian Dolja 和 Purificacion Lopez-Garcia 审阅。
