Prasad Rupa, Dasgupta Rajib
Center of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2013 Jan;38(1):9-14. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.106619.
Midwifery is rooted in public health, and most of its history has been community oriented. In India, midwifery evolved during the British rule; but over the years with changes in political and program priorities, the role and the capacity of midwives has changed substantially. The verticalization of national health programs has obscured the midwives' community focus and inhibited its contribution to the wider public health. There is a global acceptance and recognition of the midwifery model of care and skilled delivery for ensuring effective maternal health outcomes. The approaches are in line with local needs and have proved its effectiveness in resource-constrained settings. It is important to recognize the substantial contribution they make to public health, working to promote the long-term well-being of women, their babies and families, by offering information and advice on nutrition, supplementation, breastfeeding, and immunization. There is considerable scope for developing the midwifery model through enhancing the extent of their involvement in assessing health needs of local populations, designing, managing and evaluating maternal and health services, making timely and effective referrals and developing family-centered care.
助产术植根于公共卫生领域，其历史大多以社区为导向。在印度，助产术在英国统治时期得到发展；但多年来，随着政治和项目重点的变化，助产士的角色和能力发生了重大改变。国家卫生项目的垂直化掩盖了助产士对社区的关注，抑制了其对更广泛公共卫生的贡献。全球都认可并承认助产护理模式和熟练接生对于确保有效的孕产妇健康成果的作用。这些方法符合当地需求，并已在资源有限的环境中证明了其有效性。认识到助产士对公共卫生的重大贡献很重要，她们通过提供有关营养、补充剂、母乳喂养和免疫接种的信息与建议，致力于促进妇女、其婴儿和家庭的长期福祉。通过扩大助产士参与评估当地居民的健康需求、设计、管理和评估孕产妇及健康服务、及时有效地进行转诊以及发展以家庭为中心的护理等方面的程度，发展助产护理模式仍有很大空间。
