Han Myoung-Eun, Oh Sae-Ock
Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea. ; Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Anat Cell Biol. 2013 Mar;46(1):8-18. doi: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.1.8. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
The gastric epithelium is continuously regenerated by gastric stem cells, which give rise to various kinds of daughter cells, including parietal cells, chief cells, surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, and enteroendocrine cells. The self-renewal and differentiation of gastric stem cells need delicate regulation to maintain the normal physiology of the stomach. Recently, it was hypothesized that cancer stem cells drive the cancer growth and metastasis. In contrast to conventional clonal evolution hypothesis, only cancer stem cells can initiate tumor formation, self-renew, and differentiate into various kinds of daughter cells. Because gastric cancer can originate from gastric stem cells and their self-renewal mechanism can be used by gastric cancer stem cells, we review here how critical signaling pathways, including hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, may regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of gastric stem cells and gastric cancer stem cells. In addition, the precancerous change of the gastric epithelium and the status of isolating gastric cancer stem cells from patients are reviewed.
胃上皮由胃干细胞持续更新，胃干细胞可产生各种子代细胞，包括壁细胞、主细胞、表面黏液细胞、黏液颈细胞和肠内分泌细胞。胃干细胞的自我更新和分化需要精细调控以维持胃的正常生理功能。最近，有人提出癌症干细胞驱动癌症生长和转移。与传统的克隆进化假说不同，只有癌症干细胞能够启动肿瘤形成、自我更新并分化为各种子代细胞。由于胃癌可起源于胃干细胞，且其自我更新机制可被胃癌干细胞利用，我们在此综述包括刺猬信号通路、Wnt信号通路、Notch信号通路、表皮生长因子信号通路和骨形态发生蛋白信号通路等关键信号通路如何调控胃干细胞和胃癌干细胞的自我更新和分化。此外，还综述了胃上皮的癌前变化以及从患者中分离胃癌干细胞的现状。
