Nelson H E, Pantelis C, Carruthers K, Speller J, Baxendale S, Barnes T R
Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Academic Unit, Horton Hospital, Epsom, Surrey.
Psychol Med. 1990 May;20(2):357-65. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700017670.
Chronic schizophrenic patients in a long stay hospital were found to have low levels of intelligence (mean IQ of 80), which was attributed to the effects of substantial intellectual deterioration on below average pre-morbid levels of functioning. Patients with the lowest IQ scores had the least severe positive symptoms but symptomatology was not related to age or extent of intellectual decline. Speed of functioning was relatively more impaired than level of intellectual functioning, with cognitive speed being more affected than motor speed. The severity of negative but not positive symptoms was significantly related to the severity of bradyphrenia (cognitive slowing), a result which would be consistent with the notion of a subcortical pathology in patients with Type II schizophrenia.
长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者被发现智力水平较低（平均智商为80），这归因于显著的智力衰退对病前低于平均水平的功能产生的影响。智商得分最低的患者阳性症状最不严重，但症状表现与年龄或智力衰退程度无关。功能速度相对比智力功能水平受损更严重，认知速度比运动速度受影响更大。阴性症状而非阳性症状的严重程度与思维迟缓（认知减慢）的严重程度显著相关，这一结果与II型精神分裂症患者存在皮质下病理的观点一致。
