Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Nutrients. 2013 Apr 8;5(4):1149-68. doi: 10.3390/nu5041149.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that functions as a redox gatekeeper through its incorporation into proteins to alleviate oxidative stress in cells. Although the epidemiological data are somewhat controversial, the results of many studies suggest that inorganic and organic forms of Se negatively affect cancer progression, and that several selenoproteins, such as GPXs, also play important roles in tumor development. Recently, a few scientists have examined the relationship between Se and metastasis, a late event in cancer progression, and have evaluated the potential of Se as an anti-angiogenesis or anti-metastasis agent. In this review, we present the current knowledge about Se compounds and selenoproteins, and their effects on the development of metastasis, with an emphasis on cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In the cancers of breast, prostate, colorectal, fibrosarcoma, melanoma, liver, lung, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and brain glioma, there is either clinical evidence linking selenoproteins, such as thioredoxin reductase-1 to lymph node metastasis; in vitro studies indicating that Se compounds and selenoproteins inhibited cell motility, migration, and invasion, and reduced angiogenic factors in some of these cancer cells; or animal studies showing that Se supplementation resulted in reduced microvessel density and metastasis. Together, these data support the notion that Se may be an anti-metastastatic element in addition to being a cancer preventative agent.
硒（Se）是一种必需的微量元素，通过将其掺入蛋白质中充当氧化还原调控因子，从而减轻细胞中的氧化应激。尽管流行病学数据有些争议，但许多研究的结果表明，无机和有机形式的硒均会对癌症进展产生负面影响，并且几种硒蛋白，如 GPXs，在肿瘤发展中也发挥着重要作用。最近，一些科学家研究了硒与转移之间的关系，转移是癌症进展的晚期事件，并评估了硒作为抗血管生成或抗转移剂的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了关于硒化合物和硒蛋白的最新知识，及其对转移发展的影响，重点关注细胞迁移、侵袭和血管生成。在乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、纤维肉瘤、黑色素瘤、肝癌、肺癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌和脑胶质瘤的癌症中，要么有临床证据表明，如硫氧还蛋白还原酶-1与淋巴结转移有关；要么有体外研究表明，硒化合物和硒蛋白抑制某些癌细胞的细胞迁移、运动和侵袭，并降低血管生成因子；要么有动物研究表明，硒补充剂可降低微血管密度和转移。这些数据共同表明，硒除了是一种预防癌症的物质外，还可能是一种抗转移元素。
