Health and Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada.
Food Funct. 2013 Apr 30;4(5):777-83. doi: 10.1039/c3fo30327f.
Simulated gastrointestinal treatment of almond proteins with pepsin and pancreatic proteases resulting in 16.6% degree of hydrolysis or 1.33 milliequivalent leucine per g protein yielded a hydrolysate that modulated excessive nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. After fractionation, a resulting fraction of molecular size > 5 kDa retained the nitric oxide modulatory effect observed initially in the crude hydrolysate. The high molecular size fraction was found to modulate levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the activated cells. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that the hydrolysate fraction decreased the expression levels of inflammatory enzyme indicators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the activated cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that treatment of the activated cells with the hydrolysate fraction resulted in the inhibition of relative gene expressions of proinflammatory IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2. These results indicate a potential application of almond protein hydrolysates against inflammatory conditions, and will contribute to delineating the possible contributions of proteins to health benefits attributed to almond consumption.
杏仁蛋白经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶模拟胃肠道消化处理，水解度达到 16.6%或每克蛋白产生 1.33 毫当量亮氨酸，所得水解产物可调节脂多糖激活的 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞过量产生的一氧化氮。经分级分离后，所得分子量>5kDa 的级分保留了粗水解产物中最初观察到的一氧化氮调节作用。该高分子量级分被发现可调节激活细胞中促炎细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β 和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的水平。免疫印迹分析表明，水解产物级分降低了激活细胞中炎症酶指标诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧化酶（COX）-2 的表达水平。RT-PCR 分析表明，用水解产物级分处理激活细胞可抑制促炎基因表达相对水平的 IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、iNOS 和 COX-2。这些结果表明杏仁蛋白水解产物在抗炎方面有潜在的应用，这将有助于阐明蛋白质对杏仁消费所带来的健康益处的可能贡献。
