上学途中早晨时段的暴力恐惧。
Fears of violence during morning travel to school.
机构信息
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA.
出版信息
J Adolesc Health. 2013 Jul;53(1):54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.01.023. Epub 2013 Apr 12.
PURPOSE
Children's safety as they travel to school is a concern nationwide. We investigated how safe children felt from the risk of being assaulted during morning travel to school.
METHODS
Children between 10 and 18 years old were recruited in Philadelphia and interviewed with the aid of geographic information system (GIS) mapping software about a recent trip to school, situational characteristics, and how safe they felt as they travelled based on a 10-point item (1 = very unsafe, 10 = very safe). Ordinal regression was used to estimate the probability of perceiving different levels of safety based on transportation mode, companion type, and neighborhood characteristics.
RESULTS
Among 65 randomly selected subjects, routes to school ranged from 7 to 177 minutes (median = 36) and .1-15.1 street miles (median = 1.9), and included between 1-5 transportation modes (median = 2). Among students interviewed, 58.5% felt less than very safe (i.e., <10) at some point while traveling to school and one-third (32.5%) of the total person time was spent feeling less than very safe. Nearly a quarter of students, or 24.6%, felt a reduction in safety immediately upon exiting their home. The probability of reporting a safety of >8, for example, was .99 while in a car and .94 while on foot but was .86 and .87 when on a public bus or trolley. Probability was .98 while with an adult but was .72 while with another child and .71 when alone. Also, perceived safety was lower in areas of high crime and high density of off-premise alcohol outlets.
CONCLUSIONS
Efforts that target situational risk factors are warranted to help children feel safe over their entire travel routes to school.
目的
儿童在上学途中的安全是全国范围内关注的问题。我们调查了儿童在上学途中早晨遭受袭击的风险，他们对自己的安全感受如何。
方法
在费城招募了 10 至 18 岁的儿童，并在地理信息系统 (GIS) 制图软件的帮助下，对他们最近一次上学的旅行、情境特征以及他们在旅行过程中的安全感进行了访谈，采用 10 分制（1=极不安全，10=极安全）。采用有序回归来估计根据交通方式、同伴类型和邻里特征感知不同安全水平的概率。
结果
在随机选择的 65 名受试者中，上学路线从 7 分钟到 177 分钟（中位数=36），街道里程从 0.1 英里到 15.1 英里（中位数=1.9），包括 1 到 5 种交通方式（中位数=2）。在接受访谈的学生中，58.5%的人在上学途中的某个时刻感到不安全（即<10），总人次中有三分之一（32.5%）的时间感到不安全。近四分之一的学生，即 24.6%，在离开家时立即感到安全感降低。例如，报告安全性>8 的概率为 0.99 时，他们处于车内，0.94 时处于步行状态，但当他们乘坐公共汽车或电车时，概率为 0.86 和 0.87。当与成年人在一起时，概率为 0.98，但与另一个孩子在一起时，概率为 0.72，独自一个人时，概率为 0.71。此外，在犯罪率高和场外酒精销售点密度高的地区，感知到的安全性较低。
结论
有必要针对情境风险因素进行干预，以帮助儿童在整个上学路线上感到安全。
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