[Nosocomial urinary tract infection].

Care for asepsis and the use of a closed drainage system reduce the risk of urinary tract infection with indwelling catheter. Beyond a few days, infection will still end to occur, earlier in female and diabetic patients. Local or systemic antimicrobials have neither prophylactic nor even therapeutic actual usefulness, as long as infection remain asymptomatic, which is by far the most frequent situation. Thus, repeated cultures of urine samples are needless. Treatment should be applied to symptomatic infection. The risk for infection is lower in case of intermittent catheterization, with the use of a penilex or a percutaneous bladder catheter. Some instrumental procedures of surgical techniques require short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis: prostatic endoscopic resection, transperineal or transrectal prostatic biopsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, prostatectomy, cystectomy, prostheses implantation.