PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Jun;86:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
The past decade has seen a growth in demand for human eggs for stem cell related research and, more recently, for mitochondrial research. That demand has been accompanied by global debates over whether women should be encouraged, by offers of payments, in cash or kind, to provide eggs. Few of these debates have been informed by empirical evidence, let alone by the views of women themselves. This article addresses that gap in knowledge by presenting findings from a UK investigation, conducted 2008-2011, which is the first systematic study of women volunteering to provide eggs under such circumstances. This article focuses on the views and experiences of 25 IVF patients who volunteered for the Newcastle 'egg sharing for research' scheme (NESR), in exchange for reduced IVF fees. This was an interview based study, designed to gain understandings of volunteers' perspectives and reasoning. The interviews show that volunteers approached the scheme as a way of accessing more treatment in pursuit of their goal of having a baby, against a landscape of inadequate state provision of treatment and expensive private treatment. The process of deciding to volunteer raised a wide range of uncertainties about the consequent gains and losses, for women already in the uncertain world of the 'IVF rollercoaster'. However, interviewees preferred to have the option of the NESR, than not, and they juggled the numerous uncertainties with skill and resilience. The article is as revealing of the ongoing challenges of the UK IVF bio-economy as it is of egg provision. This article adds to the growing body of knowledge of the contributions of tissue providers to the global bio-economy. It also contributes to several areas of wider sociological interest, including debates on the social management of 'uncertainty' and discussions at the interface of sociology and ethics.
过去十年中,人们对用于干细胞相关研究的人类卵子的需求不断增长,最近,对线粒体的研究也有这种需求。这种需求伴随着全球范围内的争论,即是否应该通过提供金钱或实物报酬来鼓励女性提供卵子。这些争论很少有实证证据,更不用说女性自己的观点了。本文通过介绍英国在 2008 年至 2011 年进行的一项调查结果来填补这一知识空白,该调查是首次对在这种情况下自愿提供卵子的女性进行的系统研究。本文重点介绍了 25 名参与纽卡斯尔“卵子共享研究”计划(NESR)的试管婴儿患者的观点和经验,她们通过该计划获得了部分试管婴儿费用的减免。这是一项基于访谈的研究,旨在深入了解志愿者的观点和推理。访谈表明,志愿者将该计划视为一种获得更多治疗的方式,以追求她们生育孩子的目标,因为当时的治疗状况是国家提供的治疗不足,私人治疗费用昂贵。决定参与志愿活动的过程引发了一系列广泛的不确定性,涉及到女性在“试管婴儿过山车”这个不确定的世界中可能获得的收益和损失。然而,受访者更倾向于选择有 NESR 的方案,而不是没有,她们以技巧和韧性应对众多不确定性。本文不仅揭示了英国试管婴儿生物经济持续存在的挑战,也揭示了卵子供应的问题。本文增加了越来越多的关于组织提供者对全球生物经济贡献的知识。它还为更广泛的社会学领域的几个问题做出了贡献,包括关于“不确定性”的社会管理的辩论,以及社会学和伦理学界面的讨论。