NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Jan;21(1):28-32. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1714-x. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
Although the use of tissue concentrations (residues) of chemical contaminants as the dose metric to characterize chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms has been gaining acceptance over the past 20 years, tissue concentrations are less commonly used in water quality management and have yet to be formally adopted as benchmarks or environmental quality standards (EQS). This synthesis paper addresses advantages and disadvantages for the development and application of tissue-based EQS as an alternative and supplement to exposure-based EQS determined with water and sediment concentration data. Tissue-based EQS can be readily developed in parallel with conventional toxicity tests, and achieved by quantification of chemical concentrations in tissue alongside traditional concentration-response toxicity testing. Tissue-residue toxicity metrics can be used as benchmarks for screening and monitoring water and sediment quality, to derive equivalent water or sediment EQS, and for ecological risk assessments and weight of evidence approaches for assessing ecosystem impairment. Tissue-based toxicity metrics and associated EQS provide several advantages; however, there are some limitations to consider and key knowledge gaps to fill.
尽管过去 20 年来，利用化学污染物的组织浓度（残留）作为剂量指标来描述化学物质对水生生物的毒性已逐渐被接受，但在水质管理中，组织浓度的应用并不常见，尚未被正式采用为基准或环境质量标准（EQS）。本文综合讨论了制定和应用基于组织的 EQS 的优缺点，作为基于暴露的 EQS 的替代和补充，后者是通过水和沉积物浓度数据确定的。基于组织的 EQS 可以与传统毒性测试同时开发，并通过在传统浓度-反应毒性测试的同时定量组织中的化学浓度来实现。组织残留毒性指标可用于筛选和监测水和沉积物质量，推导出等效的水或沉积物 EQS，并用于生态风险评估和证据权重方法，以评估生态系统受损情况。基于组织的毒性指标和相关 EQS 具有几个优点；然而，也需要考虑一些限制因素和填补关键知识空白。
