Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2013 Dec;24(6):994-9. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.03.022. Epub 2013 Apr 20.
Cofactors provide redox carriers for biosynthetic reactions, catabolic reactions and act as important agents in transfer of energy for the cell. Recent advances in manipulating cofactors include culture conditions or additive alterations, genetic modification of host pathways for increased availability of desired cofactor, changes in enzyme cofactor specificity, and introduction of novel redox partners to form effective circuits for biochemical processes and biocatalysts. Genetic strategies to employ ferredoxin, NADH and NADPH most effectively in natural or novel pathways have improved yield and efficiency of large-scale processes for fuels and chemicals and have been demonstrated with a variety of microbial organisms.
辅助因子为生物合成反应、分解代谢反应提供氧化还原载体，并作为细胞能量转移的重要介质。目前，在操纵辅助因子方面的进展包括：改变培养条件或添加物、遗传修饰宿主途径以增加所需辅助因子的可用性、改变酶辅助因子特异性，以及引入新的氧化还原对形成有效的生化过程和生物催化剂的有效回路。在天然或新型途径中最有效地利用铁氧还蛋白、NADH 和 NADPH 的遗传策略提高了燃料和化学品大规模生产的产量和效率，并已在各种微生物中得到证实。
