Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2010 May 4;2:71-8. doi: 10.2147/nss.s7471. Print 2010.
Insomnia, the most common sleep complaint in the general population, is defined by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, accompanied by some form of daytime impairment. In the current review, we present an overview of recent studies on the association between insomnia and cardiovascular disease. It can be concluded that there is growing evidence for the hypothesis that insomnia is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease independently of classic coronary risk factors. Furthermore, insomnia is likely to be associated with hypertension and elevated resting heart rate, both known to lead to cardiovascular disease. However, the existing evidence is not totally consistent and most findings have not been replicated unequivocally. The major limitations of the cited studies include the failure to use state-of-the-art criteria for insomnia diagnosis, the failure to control for depression, and the use of hypnotic medication and sleep apnea as potential confounders. However, the results suggest that insomnia is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease mediated by hypertension or elevated resting heart rate. Consequently, more effort should be dedicated to cope with the high prevalence of insomnia in the general population.
失眠是普通人群中最常见的睡眠问题，其定义为入睡或维持睡眠困难，或睡眠质量差，并伴有某种形式的日间功能障碍。在本次综述中，我们介绍了最近关于失眠与心血管疾病之间关联的研究概述。可以得出的结论是，越来越多的证据支持这样一种假设，即失眠与心血管疾病风险的增加有关，而与经典的冠心病危险因素无关。此外，失眠可能与高血压和静息心率升高有关，而高血压和静息心率升高均已知可导致心血管疾病。然而，现有的证据并不完全一致，大多数发现尚未得到明确的重复。所引用研究的主要局限性包括未能使用失眠诊断的最新标准、未能控制抑郁、以及将催眠药物和睡眠呼吸暂停作为潜在的混杂因素。然而，结果表明，失眠与高血压或静息心率升高介导的心血管疾病风险增加有关。因此，应该更加努力应对普通人群中失眠的高患病率。
