Eime Rochelle M, Charity Melanie J, Harvey Jack T, Payne Warren R
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Apr 29;15:434. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1796-0.
Many factors influence participation in sport and Physical Activity (PA). It is well established that socio-economic status (SES) is a critical factor. There is also growing evidence that there are differences in participation patterns according to residential location. However, little is known more specifically about the relationship of PA participation and frequency of participation in particular contexts, to SES and residential location. This study investigated the relationship of participation, and frequency and context of participation, to SES and location.
Three aspects of participation were investigated from data collected in the Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS) 2010 of persons aged 15+ years: any participation (yes, no), regular participation (<12 times per year, ≥ 12 times per year) and level of organisation of participation setting (non-organised, organised non-club setting, club setting).
The rates of both any and regular PA participation increased as SES increased and decreased as remoteness increased. However, participation in PA was SES- or remoteness-prohibitive for only a few types of PA. As remoteness increased and SES decreased, participation in many team sports actually increased. For both SES and remoteness, there were more significant associations with overall participation, than with regular participation or participation in more organised contexts.
This study demonstrates the complexity of the associations between SES and location across different contexts of participation. Nevertheless, it seems that once initial engagement in PA is established, SES and remoteness are not critical determinants of the depth of engagement.
许多因素会影响体育活动和身体锻炼（PA）的参与度。社会经济地位（SES）是一个关键因素，这一点已得到充分证实。越来越多的证据表明，根据居住地点不同，参与模式也存在差异。然而，关于在特定环境下PA参与情况及参与频率与SES和居住地点之间的关系，我们所知甚少。本研究调查了参与情况、参与频率和参与环境与SES及居住地点之间的关系。
从2010年针对15岁及以上人群的运动、娱乐与体育调查（ERASS）收集的数据中，对参与的三个方面进行了调查：是否参与（是、否）、定期参与（每年<12次、每年≥12次）以及参与环境的组织程度（非组织化、有组织的非俱乐部环境、俱乐部环境）。
随着SES的提高，任何形式的PA参与率和定期参与率均上升，随着偏远程度的增加而下降。然而，对于仅少数几种类型的PA，SES或偏远程度才是参与的阻碍因素。随着偏远程度增加和SES下降，许多团队运动的参与率实际上有所上升。对于SES和偏远程度而言，与总体参与的关联比与定期参与或在更有组织的环境中的参与更为显著。
本研究表明了在不同参与环境下，SES与居住地点之间关联的复杂性。然而，似乎一旦开始参与PA，SES和偏远程度并非参与深度的关键决定因素。
