Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Jan;37(1):61-7. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.55. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
The relationship of childhood overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) with motor skill and coordination is gaining due attention; however, longitudinal evidence is currently lacking.
The dual purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the short-term evolution in the level of gross motor coordination according to children's weight status, and (2) to identify those factors predicting their gross motor coordination performance over a 2-year interval.
Participants were 50 children with OW, including 8 with OB (aged 6-10 years at baseline, with 52% boys), and 50 with normal-weight (NW) matched for gender and age.
Anthropometrics (body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), %body fat) and level of gross motor coordination (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder, KTK) were assessed in 2007 (baseline) and 2 years later in 2009 (follow-up). At baseline, participants completed a survey based on the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire (FPAQ) to obtain socio-demographic information and to determine physical activity levels in diverse domains.
The evolution in the level of gross motor coordination over time was strongly related to children's weight status. Participants in the NW group showed more progress than their OW/OB peers, who demonstrated significantly poorer performances. Accordingly, between-group differences in KTK outcomes (that is, raw item scores and total motor quotient) became more evident over time. Multiple linear regression analysis further indicated that, in addition to BMI per se (negative predictor), participation in organized sports within a sports club (positive predictor) determines gross motor coordination performance(s) 2 years later.
Our results provide conclusive evidence for an increasingly widening gap of OW/OB children's gross motor coordination relative to NW peers across developmental time in the absence of targeted initiatives. Special attention is thus needed for OW/OB children, especially for those not practicing sports in a club environment, in terms of motor skill improvement to promote regular participation in physical activity.
儿童超重（OW）和肥胖（OB）与运动技能和协调性的关系越来越受到关注；然而，目前缺乏纵向证据。
本研究的双重目的是（1）根据儿童的体重状况，调查其粗大运动协调水平的短期演变，以及（2）确定在 2 年时间间隔内预测其粗大运动协调表现的因素。
参与者为 50 名 OW 儿童，包括 8 名 OB 儿童（基线时年龄为 6-10 岁，男孩占 52%）和 50 名体重正常（NW）的儿童，性别和年龄匹配。
2007 年（基线）和 2 年后的 2009 年（随访），评估了人体测量学（身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比）和粗大运动协调水平（Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder，KTK）。基线时，参与者完成了基于佛兰德体力活动问卷（FPAQ）的调查，以获取社会人口统计学信息，并确定不同领域的体力活动水平。
随着时间的推移，粗大运动协调水平的演变与儿童的体重状况密切相关。NW 组的参与者比 OW/OB 组的参与者进步更大，后者的表现明显较差。因此，随着时间的推移，KTK 结果（即原始项目得分和总运动商数）的组间差异变得更加明显。多元线性回归分析进一步表明，除了 BMI 本身（负预测因子）外，参加俱乐部组织的体育活动（正预测因子）决定了 2 年后的粗大运动协调表现。
我们的研究结果为儿童在没有针对性干预措施的情况下，随着时间的推移，OW/OB 儿童与 NW 同龄人之间的粗大运动协调差距越来越大提供了确凿的证据。因此，需要特别关注 OW/OB 儿童，尤其是那些没有在俱乐部环境中进行体育活动的儿童，以提高运动技能，促进他们定期参与体育活动。
