Sériès F, Cormier Y, Desmeules M
Unité de Recherche, Centre de Pneumologie, Hôpital Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 May;68(5):2159-64. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.5.2159.
The total upper airway resistances are modified during active changes in lung volume. We studied nine normal subjects to assess the influence of passive thoracopulmonary inflation and deflation on nasal and pharyngeal resistances. With the subjects lying in an iron lung, lung volumes were changed by application of an extrathoracic pressure (Pet) from 0 to 20 (+Pet) or -20 cmH2O (-Pet) in 5-cmH2O steps. Upper airway pressures were measured with two low-bias flow catheters, one at the tip of the epiglottis and the other in the posterior nasopharynx. Breath-by-breath resistance measurements were made at an inspiratory flow rate of 300 ml/s at each Pet step. Total upper airway, nasal, and pharyngeal resistances increased with +Pet [i.e., nasal resistance = 139.6 +/- 14.4% (SE) of base-line and pharyngeal resistances = 189.7 +/- 21.1% at 10 cmH2O of +Pet]. During -Pet there were no significant changes in nasal resistance, whereas pharyngeal resistance decreased significantly (pharyngeal resistance = 73.4 +/- 7.4% at -10 cmH2O). We conclude that upper airway resistance, particularly the pharyngeal resistance, is influenced by passive changes in lung volumes, especially pulmonary deflation.
在肺容积发生主动变化时，上呼吸道总阻力会发生改变。我们研究了9名正常受试者，以评估被动胸肺充气和放气对鼻腔和咽部阻力的影响。受试者躺在铁肺中，通过施加胸外压力（Pet）使肺容积以5 cmH2O的步长从0变为20 cmH2O（+Pet）或 -20 cmH2O（-Pet）。使用两个低偏差流量导管测量上呼吸道压力，一个位于会厌尖端，另一个位于鼻咽后部。在每个Pet步长处，以300 ml/s的吸气流量逐次测量阻力。随着+Pet的增加，上呼吸道总阻力、鼻腔阻力和咽部阻力均增加[即，在+Pet为10 cmH2O时，鼻腔阻力 = 基线的139.6 +/- 14.4%（标准误），咽部阻力 = 189.7 +/- 21.1%]。在 -Pet期间，鼻腔阻力无显著变化，而咽部阻力显著降低（在 -10 cmH2O时，咽部阻力 = 73.4 +/- 7.4%）。我们得出结论，上呼吸道阻力，尤其是咽部阻力，受肺容积的被动变化影响，特别是肺萎陷。
