University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2012 Oct 15;4:133-42. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S36460. Print 2012.
Sleep disturbances can lead to the onset and relapse of psychiatric disorders. However, the age at which this relationship begins and the role of sleep disturbances in the trajectory to the onset of a psychiatric disorder are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to explore, based on self- and parental-reports of mood symptoms, subjective and objective sleep in young children who are at risk of developing a psychiatric disorder but who have not yet met diagnostic criteria.
Twenty-one children (eleven girls) between the ages of 8 and 11 (mean age = 9.7 years, standard deviation = 1.1 years) were dichotomized into low mood (LM) and not low mood (NLM) groups based on scoring below or above the median threshold score on at least two of the following questionnaires: the Child Depressive Rating Scale (CDRS), Weinberg Screening Affective Scale (WSAS), and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). The children completed sleep diaries and underwent two nights (for adaptation and baseline) of polysomnography. Sleep stages and sleep microarchitecture (alpha, sigma, beta, and delta) in the first half of the night, were analyzed.
Self-reported sleep disturbance accounted for 72% of the variance (F[3, 20] = 15, P < 0.005) of the Weinberg Screening Affective Scale in LM children. LM children had fewer arousals at night, but awakened earlier than NLM children. Regardless of mood, girls had more sleep disturbance, as well as lower alpha, beta, and delta power in the first half of the night, compared to boys. Girls with LM had shorter sleep times and a lower percentage of rapid eye movement sleep.
Girls with and without LM, and without a clinical diagnosis of depression, showed more sleep disturbances than boys of the same age. Sleep disturbances evident early in life and in LM girls may reflect greater risk for future sleep or psychiatric disorders.
睡眠障碍可导致精神疾病的发生和复发。然而，这种关系开始的年龄以及睡眠障碍在精神疾病发病轨迹中的作用仍不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨有精神疾病发病风险但尚未达到诊断标准的儿童，根据其心境症状的自我报告和父母报告，探讨其主观和客观睡眠。
根据以下问卷中至少两项得分低于或高于中位数阈值，将 21 名 8 至 11 岁（平均年龄=9.7 岁，标准差=1.1 岁）的儿童分为低情绪（LM）和非低情绪（NLM）组：儿童抑郁评定量表（CDRS）、温伯格情绪筛查量表（WSAS）和抑郁症状快速筛查量表（QIDS）。儿童填写睡眠日记，并进行两晚（适应和基线）多导睡眠图检查。分析夜间前半段的睡眠阶段和睡眠微观结构（α、σ、β和δ）。
自我报告的睡眠障碍解释了 LM 儿童 Weinberg 情绪筛查量表中 72%的变异（F[3, 20]=15，P<0.005）。与 NLM 儿童相比，LM 儿童夜间觉醒次数较少，但觉醒时间更早。无论情绪如何，女孩的睡眠障碍更多，前半段的α、β和δ功率也更低，与男孩相比。LM 女孩的睡眠时间更短，快速眼动睡眠比例更低。
有和没有 LM 且没有临床抑郁症诊断的女孩比同年龄的男孩有更多的睡眠障碍。生命早期和 LM 女孩的睡眠障碍可能反映了未来睡眠或精神疾病的更高风险。
