Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ecosystem Research Division, Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, Challenger Dr., Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Jun 15;71(1-2):83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.031. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
Test facilities such as lab basins and wave tanks are essential when evaluating the use of chemical dispersants to treat oil spills at sea. However, these test facilities have boundaries (walls) that provide an ideal environment for surface (interfacial) film formation on seawater. Surface films may form from surfactants naturally present in crude oil as well as dispersant drift/overspray when applied to an oil spill. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of surface film formation on oil spreading rates in a small scale lab basin and on dispersant effectiveness conducted in a large scale wave tank. The process of crude oil spreading on the surface of the basin seawater was influenced in the presence of a surface film as shown using a 1st order kinetic model. In addition, interfacial film formation can greatly influence chemically dispersed crude oil in a large scale dynamic wave tank.
当评估在海上使用化学分散剂来处理溢油时，测试设施（如实验室水池和波槽）是必不可少的。然而，这些测试设施具有边界（壁），为在海水中形成表面（界面）薄膜提供了理想的环境。表面薄膜可能是由原油中天然存在的表面活性剂以及在溢油上喷洒分散剂时漂移/喷雾形成的。本研究的目的是检查表面薄膜形成对小型实验室水池中油扩散速率以及在大型波槽中进行的分散剂效果的影响。一级动力学模型表明，表面薄膜的存在会影响原油在水池海水表面的扩散过程。此外，界面薄膜的形成会极大地影响大规模动态波槽中化学分散的原油。
