Li Zhengkai, Lee Kenneth, King Thomas, Boufadel Michel C, Venosa Albert D
Center for Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Research, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans DFO Canada, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2008 May;56(5):903-12. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.031. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
Current chemical dispersant effectiveness tests for product selection are commonly performed with bench-scale testing apparatus. However, for the assessment of oil dispersant effectiveness under real sea state conditions, test protocols are required to have hydrodynamic conditions closer to the natural environment, including transport and dilution effects. To achieve this goal, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed and constructed a wave tank system to study chemical dispersant effectiveness under controlled mixing energy conditions (regular non-breaking, spilling breaking, and plunging breaking waves). Quantification of oil dispersant effectiveness was based on observed changes in dispersed oil concentrations and oil-droplet size distribution. The study results quantitatively demonstrated that total dispersed oil concentration and breakup kinetics of oil droplets in the water column were strongly dependent on the presence of chemical dispersants and the influence of breaking waves. These data on the effectiveness of dispersants as a function of sea state will have significant implications in the drafting of future operational guidelines for dispersant use at sea.
当前用于产品选择的化学分散剂有效性测试通常使用实验室规模的测试设备进行。然而，为了评估在真实海况条件下油类分散剂的有效性，测试方案需要具备更接近自然环境的水动力条件，包括输运和稀释效应。为实现这一目标，加拿大渔业和海洋部以及美国环境保护局（EPA）设计并建造了一个波浪水槽系统，以研究在受控混合能量条件下（规则非破碎波、溢流破碎波和涌浪破碎波）化学分散剂的有效性。油类分散剂有效性的量化基于观察到的分散油浓度和油滴尺寸分布的变化。研究结果定量表明，水柱中总分散油浓度和油滴破碎动力学强烈依赖于化学分散剂的存在以及破碎波的影响。这些关于分散剂有效性随海况变化的数据将对未来海上使用分散剂的操作指南起草产生重大影响。
