Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria.
Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jun 20;220(1):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.012. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
This study reports on the detailed investigation of human deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in vivo metabolism through the analysis of urine samples obtained from one volunteer following a naturally contaminated diet containing 138μg DON and 10μg ZEN over a period of four days. Based on the mycotoxin intake and the concentrations of mycotoxin conjugates in urine, a mass balance was established. The average rates of DON excretion and glucuronidation were determined to be 68 and 76%, respectively. The investigation of formed glucuronides revealed DON-15-glucuronide as main conjugation product besides DON-3-glucuronide. Furthermore, for the first time in human urine a third DON-glucuronide was detected and the fate of ingested masked DON forms (3-acetyl-DON and DON-3-glucoside) was preliminary assessed. The mean excretion rate of ZEN was determined to be 9.4%. ZEN was mainly present in its glucuronide form and in some samples ZEN-14-glucuronide was directly determined 3-10h after exposure. For the first time concrete figures have become available for the excretion pattern of DON and ZEN-glucuronides throughout a day, the comparison of total DON in 24h and first morning urine samples and the urinary excretion rate of total ZEN in humans following exposure through naturally contaminated food. Therefore, valuable preliminary information has been obtained through the chosen experimental approach although the study involved only one single individual and needs to be confirmed in larger monitoring studies. The presented experiment contributes to a better understanding of human DON and ZEN in vivo metabolism and thereby supports advanced exposure and risk assessment to increase food safety and examine the relationship between these mycotoxins and potentially associated chronic diseases in the future.
本研究通过分析一名志愿者在四天内食用含有 138μg DON 和 10μg ZEN 的天然污染饮食后的尿液样本，详细研究了人体脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的体内代谢。基于真菌毒素的摄入量和尿液中真菌毒素结合物的浓度，建立了质量平衡。确定 DON 的排泄和葡萄糖醛酸化平均速率分别为 68%和 76%。对形成的葡萄糖醛酸化物的研究表明，除 DON-3-葡萄糖醛酸化物外，DON-15-葡萄糖醛酸化物也是主要的结合产物。此外，首次在人尿中检测到第三种 DON-葡萄糖醛酸化物，并初步评估了摄入的掩蔽 DON 形式（3-乙酰-DON 和 DON-3-葡萄糖苷）的命运。ZEN 的平均排泄率为 9.4%。ZEN 主要以其葡萄糖醛酸化物形式存在，在一些样本中，暴露后 3-10 小时即可直接测定 ZEN-14-葡萄糖醛酸化物。首次获得了 DON 和 ZEN-葡萄糖醛酸化物在一天中的排泄模式、24 小时和晨尿中总 DON 的比较以及人体通过天然污染食物暴露后总 ZEN 的尿排泄率的具体数据。因此，尽管该研究仅涉及一个个体，需要在更大的监测研究中进行证实，但通过选择的实验方法获得了有价值的初步信息。该实验有助于更好地了解人体 DON 和 ZEN 的体内代谢，从而支持先进的暴露和风险评估，以提高食品安全，并在未来研究这些真菌毒素与潜在相关慢性疾病之间的关系。
