Balan Vitaly, Wang Yi, Nangia-Makker Pratima, Kho Dhonghyo, Bajaj Madhuri, Smith Daryn, Heilbrun Lance, Raz Avraham, Heath Elisabeth
Department of Oncology and 2 Biostatistics Core Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Oncotarget. 2013 Apr;4(4):542-9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.923.
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has served as a blood marker of prostate cancer (PCa), and for monitoring recurrence/metastasis in patients after therapeutic intervention. However, the applicability/reliability of the PSA test was recently questioned as it is not without challenges, in particular in men who have PCa without an elevated PSA (false negative), or in men who are disease-free with elevated levels of PSA (false positive). Galectin-3 is a tumor-associated protein; present in the seminal fluid and is a substrate for the PSA enzyme e.g., a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. We hypothesized that the cleavage status and level of galectin-3 in the prostate tissue and sera are associated with PCa. Thus, we compared galectin-3 levels obtained from sera of non-cancer urology patients to those of metastatic PCa patients. The data were confirmed by analyzing PCa tissue arrays. Here, we report that galectin-3 levels in the sera of patients with metastatic PCa were uniformly higher as compared to the non-cancer patient controls. The data suggest that galectin-3 serum level may be a useful serum complementary marker to the PSA blood test to be used for initial and follow-up PSA complimentary diagnostic/prognostic tool for recurrence in PCa patients.
前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测一直作为前列腺癌（PCa）的血液标志物，并用于监测接受治疗干预后患者的复发/转移情况。然而，PSA检测的适用性/可靠性最近受到质疑，因为它并非没有挑战，特别是在患有前列腺癌但PSA未升高的男性（假阴性），或在无疾病但PSA水平升高的男性（假阳性）中。半乳糖凝集素-3是一种肿瘤相关蛋白；存在于精液中，是PSA酶（例如一种胰凝乳蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶）的底物。我们假设前列腺组织和血清中半乳糖凝集素-3的裂解状态和水平与前列腺癌有关。因此，我们比较了非癌泌尿外科患者血清与转移性前列腺癌患者血清中半乳糖凝集素-3的水平。通过分析前列腺癌组织阵列证实了这些数据。在此，我们报告转移性前列腺癌患者血清中的半乳糖凝集素-3水平与非癌患者对照组相比一致更高。数据表明，半乳糖凝集素-3血清水平可能是PSA血液检测的一种有用的血清补充标志物，可用于前列腺癌患者复发的初始和随访PSA补充诊断/预后工具。
