Armengol Carolina, Bartolí Ramon, Sanjurjo Lucía, Serra Isabel, Amézaga Núria, Sala Margarita, Sarrias Maria-Rosa
Liver Oncology Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
Crit Rev Immunol. 2013;33(1):57-96.
Scavenger receptors comprise a large family of structurally diverse proteins that are involved in many homeostatic functions. They recognize a wide range of ligands, from pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to endogenous, as well as modified host-derived molecules (DAMPs). The liver deals with blood micro-organisms and DAMPs released from injured organs, thus performing vital metabolic and clearance functions that require the uptake of nutrients and toxins. Many liver cell types, including hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, express scavenger receptors that play key roles in hepatitis C virus entry, lipid uptake, and macrophage activation, among others. Chronic liver disease causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatitis virus infection, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver are the main etiologies associated with this disease. In this context, continuous inflammation as a result of liver damage leads to hepatic fibrosis, which frequently brings about cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we will summarize the role of scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. We will also emphasize their potential as biomarkers of advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer.
清道夫受体构成了一个结构多样的蛋白质大家族，参与许多体内平衡功能。它们能识别多种配体，从病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）到内源性以及修饰的宿主衍生分子（DAMP）。肝脏处理来自受损器官释放的血液微生物和DAMP，从而执行重要的代谢和清除功能，这些功能需要摄取营养物质和毒素。许多肝细胞类型，包括肝细胞和库普弗细胞，都表达清道夫受体，这些受体在丙型肝炎病毒进入、脂质摄取和巨噬细胞激活等方面发挥关键作用。慢性肝病在全球范围内导致高发病率和死亡率。肝炎病毒感染、酗酒和非酒精性脂肪肝是与此疾病相关的主要病因。在这种情况下，肝脏损伤导致的持续炎症会引发肝纤维化，进而常常导致肝硬化并最终发展为肝细胞癌。在本综述中，我们将总结清道夫受体在慢性肝病病理生理学中的作用。我们还将强调它们作为晚期肝病（包括肝硬化和癌症）生物标志物的潜力。
