Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA.
Health Phys. 2013 Jun;104(6):606-10. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31828d2e67.
Operation of the NIF requires a large and varied number of routine and infrequent activities involving contaminated and radioactive systems, both in servicing online equipment and offline refurbishment of components. Routine radiological operations include up to several dozen entries into contaminated systems per day, multiple laboratories refurbishing radiologically impacted parts, handling of tens of curies of tritium, and (eventually) tens of workers spending most of their day working in radiation areas and handling moderately activated parts. Prior to the introduction of radioactive materials and neutron producing experiments (capable of causing activation), very few of the operating staff had any radiological qualifications or experience. To support the full NIF operating program, over 600 radiological workers needed to be trained, and a functional and large-scale radiological protection program needed to be put in place. It quickly became evident that there was a need to supplement the LLNL site radiological protection staff with additional radiological controls technicians and a radiological protection staff within NIF operations to manage day-to-day activities. This paper discusses the approach taken to stand up the radiological protection program and some lessons learned.
需要进行大量不同的常规和不频繁的活动来操作 NIF，其中涉及受污染和放射性系统，包括在线设备的维护和离线部件的翻新。常规放射性作业包括每天多达几十次进入受污染系统，多个实验室对受放射性影响的部件进行翻新，处理数十居里的氚，以及（最终）数十名工人每天大部分时间都在辐射区域工作并处理中度活化部件。在引入放射性物质和产生中子的实验（能够引起活化）之前，很少有操作人员具有放射性资格或经验。为了支持完整的 NIF 运行计划，需要培训 600 多名放射性工作人员，并建立一个功能齐全的大规模辐射防护计划。很快就明显需要在 LLNL 现场辐射防护人员的基础上，增加额外的辐射控制技术员和 NIF 运营中的辐射防护人员，以管理日常活动。本文讨论了成立辐射防护计划的方法和一些经验教训。
