Pediatrics. 2013 May;131(5):e1676-83. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-0420. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
Bone health is a critical concern in managing preterm infants. Key nutrients of importance are calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus. Although human milk is critical for the health of preterm infants, it is low in these nutrients relative to the needs of the infants during growth. Strategies should be in place to fortify human milk for preterm infants with birth weight <1800 to 2000 g and to ensure adequate mineral intake during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Biochemical monitoring of very low birth weight infants should be performed during their hospitalization. Vitamin D should be provided at 200 to 400 IU/day both during hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital. Infants with radiologic evidence of rickets should have efforts made to maximize calcium and phosphorus intake by using available commercial products and, if needed, direct supplementation with these minerals.
骨骼健康是管理早产儿的关键关注点。重要的关键营养素是钙、维生素 D 和磷。尽管人乳对早产儿的健康至关重要，但相对于婴儿生长过程中的需求，其营养素含量相对较低。应采取策略为人乳添加钙、磷等营养物质，为出生体重<1800 至 2000 克的早产儿提供强化人乳，并确保住院期间和出院后矿物质的摄入量充足。极低出生体重儿在住院期间应进行生化监测。维生素 D 应在住院期间和出院后每天提供 200 至 400IU。有佝偻病放射学证据的婴儿应通过使用现有商业产品，最大限度地增加钙和磷的摄入量，并在需要时直接补充这些矿物质。
