Kerber Kevin A, Baloh Robert W
Department of Neurology (KAK), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; and Departments of Neurology and Surgery (Head and Neck) (RWB), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles.
Neurol Clin Pract. 2011 Dec;1(1):24-33. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0b013e31823d07b6.
Dizziness is the quintessential symptom presentation in all of clinical medicine. It can stem from a disturbance in nearly any system of the body. Patient descriptions of the symptom are often vague and inconsistent, so careful probing is essential. The physical examination is performed by observing the patient at rest and following simple movements or bedside tests. In general, no special tools are required. The causes of dizziness range from benign to life-threatening disorders, and features that distinguish among these may be subtle. When diagnostic testing is considered, parsimony should be the rule. Identifying common peripheral vestibular disorders is a priority. Picking this "low hanging fruit" can be the key component to excluding more serious central causes of dizziness.
头晕是临床医学中最典型的症状表现。它几乎可能源于身体的任何系统紊乱。患者对该症状的描述往往模糊且不一致，因此仔细询问至关重要。体格检查通过观察静息状态下的患者以及进行简单动作或床边检查来进行。一般来说，无需特殊工具。头晕的病因范围从良性到危及生命的疾病，而区分这些病因的特征可能很细微。考虑进行诊断性检查时，应遵循简约原则。识别常见的外周前庭疾病是首要任务。摘取这一“低垂的果实”可能是排除更严重的中枢性头晕病因的关键组成部分。
