Moffitt T E
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Child Dev. 1990 Jun;61(3):893-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02830.x.
This article describes a longitudinal analysis of the behavior of a birth cohort of 435 boys. 4 groups were defined at age 13 on the basis of both self-reported delinquent behavior and professional diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder: ADD + delinquent, ADD only, delinquent only, and nondisordered. Biennial correlates of delinquency (antisocial behavior problems, verbal intelligence, reading difficulty, and family adversity) were traced across childhood. The ADD + delinquent boys consistently fared the worst on the assessments of family adversity, verbal intelligence, and reading. Their antisocial behavior began before school age, escalated at school entry, and persisted into adolescence. The ADD-only boys had normal family, intelligence, and reading scores, and showed only mild antisocial behavior in middle childhood. The delinquent-only boys showed no early risk from family, low intelligence, or reading deficit, and remained relatively free of conduct problems until they initiated delinquency at age 13. Persistence of criminal offending beyond adolescence is predicted for the ADD + delinquent boys.
本文描述了对435名男孩出生队列行为的纵向分析。根据自我报告的犯罪行为和注意力缺陷障碍的专业诊断，在13岁时定义了4组：患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADD）且有犯罪行为、仅患有ADD、仅有犯罪行为以及无行为障碍。对儿童期犯罪行为（反社会行为问题、语言智力、阅读困难和家庭逆境）的两年期相关因素进行了追踪。患有ADD且有犯罪行为的男孩在家庭逆境、语言智力和阅读评估中一直表现最差。他们的反社会行为始于学龄前期，在入学时升级，并持续到青春期。仅患有ADD的男孩家庭、智力和阅读成绩正常，在童年中期仅表现出轻微的反社会行为。仅有犯罪行为的男孩没有来自家庭、低智力或阅读缺陷的早期风险，直到13岁开始犯罪之前，他们相对没有行为问题。预计患有ADD且有犯罪行为的男孩在青春期后会持续犯罪。
