Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jul;56:110-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.12.014. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
Examination of teen driver compliance with graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws could be instrumental in identifying factors associated with persistently high motor vehicle mortality rates.
Fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) data from the years 2006 to 2009 were used in this nation-wide cross-sectional study of drivers covered by a state nighttime GDL law (n=3492). A new definition of weekend, based on the school night in relation to the teenage social landscape, redefined Friday night as a weekend night and Sunday night as a weekday/school night and compared it to previous weekend definitions. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine independent effects of demographic, behavioral, environmental, contextual, and other factors on compliance with nighttime GDL laws. All analyses were performed in Stata version 11.
Given coverage under nighttime GDL laws, drivers aged 15-17 years were non-compliant in 14.9% of the fatal MVCs in which they were involved, and nearly one-fifth (18.8%) of all fatalities aged 15-17 years were associated with non-compliance. Mortality risk was 10% higher using a revised social (school night) versus traditional (Sat-Sun) weekend definitions. In multivariable analysis, drivers non-compliant with nighttime GDL laws were more likely to be drinking (OR=4.97, 3.85-6.40), unbelted (OR=1.58, 1.25-1.99), driving on the weekend (OR=1.82, 1.47-2.24), and killed (OR=1.31, 1.04-1.65).
GDL non-compliance contributes to teen motor vehicle mortality. Legislative and enforcement efforts targeting non-school night driving, seatbelt nonuse and alcohol have potential to further reduce teen driving mortality.
检查青少年驾驶员对分级驾驶许可证（GDL）法律的遵守情况，可能有助于确定与持续高机动车死亡率相关的因素。
本研究为全国性横断面研究，使用 2006 年至 2009 年的致命事故报告系统（FARS）数据，研究对象为受州夜间 GDL 法律覆盖的驾驶员（n=3492）。根据青少年社交环境中与上学日相关的学校夜，提出了一种新的周末定义，将周五晚上重新定义为周末晚上，周日晚上为工作日/上学日晚上，并将其与之前的周末定义进行了比较。采用多因素逻辑回归分析方法，研究人口统计学、行为、环境、背景和其他因素对夜间 GDL 法律遵守情况的独立影响。所有分析均使用 Stata 版本 11 进行。
在夜间 GDL 法律覆盖范围内，15-17 岁的驾驶员在涉及的致命 MVC 中不遵守夜间 GDL 法律的比例为 14.9%，而所有 15-17 岁的死亡中，有近五分之一（18.8%）与不遵守夜间 GDL 法律有关。使用修订后的社会（上学日）与传统（周六-周日）周末定义，死亡率风险增加 10%。在多变量分析中，夜间 GDL 法律不遵守者更有可能饮酒（OR=4.97，3.85-6.40）、不系安全带（OR=1.58，1.25-1.99）、在周末开车（OR=1.82，1.47-2.24）和被杀（OR=1.31，1.04-1.65）。
GDL 不遵守法律导致青少年机动车死亡率上升。针对非上学日驾驶、不使用安全带和饮酒的立法和执法努力可能会进一步降低青少年驾驶死亡率。
