Al-Samarraie Muhammad S, Vevelstad Merete, Nygaard Ilah Le, Bachs Liliana, Mørland Jørg
Avdeling for farmakologisk og toksikologisk fortolkning, Divisjon for rettsmedisin og rusmiddelforskning, Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt, Norway.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2013 May 7;133(9):966-9. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0417.
Since the summer of 2010, there has been an epidemic of deaths related to paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) in Norway. We present a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of the substance.
The review is based on a literature search in the databases PubMed, Ovid and MEDLINE. A discretionary selection was made of relevant articles.
Paramethoxymethamphetamine and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) are two so-called designer amphetamines which appear from time to time on the illegal narcotics market in many countries. They are frequently sold as ecstasy or amphetamine, often mixed with amphetamine or methamphetamine. The substances, known on the street as «Death», have potent serotonergic effects and are associated with significant toxicity. Many deaths have been reported worldwide, even after intake of an «ordinary user dose». The narcotic effect is not very pronounced and the onset is slow, which may lead to unintentional overdosing.
In cases of severe intoxation that are apparently related to intake of amphetamine or ecstasy, PMMA/PMA intoxation should be suspected.
自2010年夏天以来，挪威出现了与对甲氧基甲基苯丙胺（PMMA）相关的死亡流行情况。我们对该物质的药理学和毒理学进行了综述。
本综述基于对PubMed、Ovid和MEDLINE数据库的文献检索。对相关文章进行了酌情筛选。
对甲氧基甲基苯丙胺和对甲氧基苯丙胺（PMA）是两种所谓的设计苯丙胺类药物，在许多国家的非法毒品市场上时有出现。它们经常作为摇头丸或苯丙胺出售，常与苯丙胺或甲基苯丙胺混合。这些物质在街头被称为“死亡”，具有强大的血清素能作用，并具有显著毒性。即使摄入“普通用户剂量”后，全球也有许多死亡报告。其麻醉作用不太明显且起效缓慢，这可能导致意外过量用药。
在明显与摄入苯丙胺或摇头丸相关的严重中毒病例中，应怀疑是PMMA/PMA中毒。
