Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Nanoscale. 2013 Jun 21;5(12):5167-79. doi: 10.1039/c3nr00357d.
Vaccines have been at the forefront of improving human health for over two centuries. The challenges faced in developing effective vaccines flow from complexities associated with the immune system and requirement of an efficient and safe adjuvant to induce a strong adaptive immune response. Development of an efficient vaccine formulation requires careful selection of a potent antigen, efficient adjuvant and route of delivery. Adjuvants are immunological agents that activate the antigen presenting cells (APCs) and elicit a strong immune response. In the past decade, the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has gained significant attention as potential delivery vehicles for various biomolecules. In this review, we aim to highlight the potential of MSNs as vaccine delivery vehicles and their ability to act as adjuvants. We have provided an overview on the latest progress on synthesis, adsorption and release kinetics and biocompatibility of MSNs as next generation antigen carriers and adjuvants. A comprehensive summary on the ability of MSNs to deliver antigens and elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses is provided. Finally, we give insight on fundamental challenges and some future prospects of these nanoparticles as adjuvants.
疫苗在改善人类健康方面已经处于两个多世纪的前沿。开发有效疫苗所面临的挑战源于免疫系统的复杂性以及需要高效且安全的佐剂来诱导强烈的适应性免疫反应。开发有效的疫苗制剂需要仔细选择有效的抗原、高效的佐剂和给药途径。佐剂是激活抗原呈递细胞（APCs）并引发强烈免疫反应的免疫调节剂。在过去十年中，介孔硅纳米粒子（MSNs）作为各种生物分子的潜在递送载体已引起了人们的广泛关注。在这篇综述中，我们旨在强调 MSNs 作为疫苗递送载体的潜力及其作为佐剂的能力。我们提供了有关 MSNs 的最新进展的概述，包括其合成、吸附和释放动力学以及作为下一代抗原载体和佐剂的生物相容性。全面总结了 MSNs 递送抗原和引发体液和细胞免疫反应的能力。最后，我们深入探讨了这些纳米粒子作为佐剂所面临的基本挑战和一些未来前景。
