Lusiastuti Angela Mariana, Jenie Siti Nurul Aisyiyah, Septiyanti Melati, Sampora Yulianti, Penataseputro Tanjung, Citarasu Thavasimutu, Sugiani Desy, Syahidah Dewi, Dewijanti Indah Dwiatmi, Novita Hessy, Sumiati Tuti, Purwaningsih Uni, Suryanto Suryanto, Pantjara Brata, Ramli Taufik Hadi, Nugroho Pramuanggit Panggih, Nisaa Khairun, Putri Annisa Wening Maharani
Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia.
Research Center for Advanced Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Banten, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2025 Jul;18(7):1807-1818. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1807-1818. Epub 2025 Jul 8.
Streptococcosis, caused by , is a significant disease in tilapia farming that results in substantial economic losses. While vaccination is the most effective method for prevention, current vaccines face challenges when administered orally or through immersion, primarily due to poor absorption and degradation in the fish's digestive system. Nanotechnology offers new ways to improve vaccine delivery and effectiveness. This review compares two nanoparticle (NPs)-based systems - nanoemulsions and silica NPs (SiNP) - for delivering vaccines to tilapia. Nanoemulsions are small, stable droplets that protect the vaccine and help it stick to mucosal surfaces, making them more effective in triggering immune responses. SiNP are highly stable and can protect vaccines under harsh conditions but still face challenges in particle size and vaccine loading. The review highlights important factors, including particle size, stability, and surfactant composition, that affect the vaccine's effectiveness. In practical terms, nanoemulsions are more suitable for use in Indonesia's tropical aquaculture settings because they are easier to apply, more stable, and more effective in their current formulations. Further research is needed to improve both systems, especially to ensure long-term safety, improve delivery to mucosal tissues, and reduce production costs. Nanotechnology-based vaccines have a strong potential to improve fish health and reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture.
由[未提及具体病原体]引起的链球菌病是罗非鱼养殖中的一种重要疾病，会导致巨大的经济损失。虽然疫苗接种是预防该病的最有效方法，但目前的疫苗在通过口服或浸泡方式给药时面临挑战，主要原因是在鱼的消化系统中吸收不良和降解。纳米技术为改善疫苗递送和有效性提供了新途径。本综述比较了两种基于纳米颗粒（NP）的系统——纳米乳剂和二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNP）——用于向罗非鱼递送疫苗的情况。纳米乳剂是小的、稳定的液滴，可保护疫苗并帮助其粘附在粘膜表面，使其在触发免疫反应方面更有效。SiNP高度稳定，可在恶劣条件下保护疫苗，但在粒径和疫苗负载方面仍面临挑战。该综述强调了影响疫苗有效性的重要因素，包括粒径、稳定性和表面活性剂组成。实际上，纳米乳剂更适合在印度尼西亚的热带水产养殖环境中使用，因为它们更易于应用、更稳定，并且在当前配方中更有效。需要进一步研究以改进这两种系统，特别是要确保长期安全性、改善向粘膜组织的递送并降低生产成本。基于纳米技术的疫苗在改善鱼类健康和减少水产养殖中抗生素使用方面具有巨大潜力。
