Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Addict Behav. 2013 Sep;38(9):2422-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.04.002. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
The majority of cannabis smokers who quit do so without formal treatment, suggesting that motivations to quit are an important part of cessation process. However, little is known about how motivations relate to successful quitting.
A convenience sample of 385 non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis smokers (58% male, age 16-64years at start of quit attempt) who made a "serious" (self-defined) quit attempt without formal treatment while not in a controlled environment were administered the 176-item Marijuana Quit Questionnaire (MJQQ) to assess their motivations to quit and outcome of the quit attempt. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify significant motivational factors. Subgroup comparisons used t-tests and ANOVA. Cox proportional hazard regression and the General Linear Model were performed to evaluate the influence of motivational factors, gender, and age on relapse status at time of interview and risk of relapse over time, with time between quit attempt and interview as a covariate.
Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 motivational factors with eigenvalues >1 which accounted for 58.4% of the total variance: self-image and self-control, health concerns, interpersonal relationship concerns, legal concerns, social acceptability concerns, and self-efficacy. Women were more likely than men to be motivated by self-image/self-control, health concerns, and social acceptability concerns. Older individuals were more likely to be motivated by health concerns. At the time of interview, 339 subjects had relapsed. Self-image and self-control, health concerns, interpersonal relationship concerns, and social acceptability concerns were associated with greater likelihood of abstinence at the study interview. Legal concerns and social acceptability concerns were associated with significantly lower hazard ratios (0.88, 0.83) for relapse during the abstinent period.
These findings show gender and age differences in motivations to quit cannabis smoking and that adult cannabis smokers have motivations to quite similar to those of adolescent cannabis smokers and of adults who quit alcohol and tobacco use without formal treatment. The findings suggest areas of focus to improve secondary prevention and psychosocial treatment efforts.
大多数自行戒断大麻的使用者并未接受过正式治疗，这表明动机是戒断过程中的重要组成部分。然而，人们对动机与成功戒断的关系知之甚少。
本研究采用方便取样法，纳入了 385 名未接受治疗的成年大麻使用者（58%为男性，开始戒断尝试时年龄为 16-64 岁），这些使用者在非受控环境下自行决定并尝试戒断大麻，且未接受正式治疗，同时自我定义为“严肃”的戒断尝试。研究使用 176 项大麻戒断问卷（MJQQ）评估他们的戒断动机和戒断尝试的结果。通过探索性因子分析确定显著的动机因素。使用 t 检验和方差分析进行亚组比较。采用 Cox 比例风险回归和广义线性模型评估动机因素、性别和年龄对访谈时复发状态以及随时间复发风险的影响，以戒断尝试和访谈之间的时间作为协变量。
探索性因子分析确定了 6 个特征值>1 的动机因素，这些因素占总方差的 58.4%：自我形象和自我控制、健康担忧、人际关系担忧、法律担忧、社会可接受性担忧和自我效能感。女性比男性更有可能受到自我形象/自我控制、健康担忧和社会可接受性担忧的影响。年龄较大的个体更有可能受到健康担忧的影响。在访谈时，339 名受试者已经复发。自我形象和自我控制、健康担忧、人际关系担忧和社会可接受性担忧与研究访谈时更高的禁欲可能性相关。法律担忧和社会可接受性担忧与戒断期间较低的复发风险比（0.88，0.83）显著相关。
这些发现表明，大麻使用者的戒烟动机存在性别和年龄差异，并且成年大麻使用者的戒烟动机与青少年大麻使用者以及未经正式治疗而戒断酒精和烟草的成年人的戒烟动机相似。这些发现表明，需要关注一些领域，以改善二级预防和心理社会治疗工作。
