Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens, Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2013 May 22;8(1):14. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-14.
Leukemia is a complex disease, which only became better understood during the last decades following the development of new laboratory techniques and diagnostic methods. Despite our improved understanding of the physiology of the disease, little is yet known about the causes of leukemia. A variety of potential risk factors have been suggested so far, including personal habits and lifestyle, and a wide range of occupational or environmental exposures. A causal association with leukemia has only been documented to date for ionizing radiation, benzene and treatment with cytostatic drugs, but there is an ongoing scientific debate on the possible association of leukemia with a number of other work-related hazards. In this article, we have reviewed scientific studies, published over the past 5 years, which investigated potential associations between leukemia and exposure to occupational risk factors. The systematic literature review took place via electronic databases, using specific search criteria, and independent reviewers have further filtered the search results to identify the number of articles, presented in our paper. A large number of studies included in the review referred to the effects of ionizing radiation, where new data suggest that the effects of exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation should probably be reevaluated. Some other works appear to substantiate a potential association of the disease with certain pesticides. Further research is also suggested regarding the role of infectious agents or exposure to certain chemicals like formaldehyde or butadiene in the pathogenesis of leukemia.
白血病是一种复杂的疾病，在过去几十年中，随着新的实验室技术和诊断方法的发展，人们对其有了更好的理解。尽管我们对该疾病的生理学有了更好的理解，但对其病因仍知之甚少。迄今为止，已经提出了多种潜在的危险因素，包括个人习惯和生活方式，以及广泛的职业或环境暴露。迄今为止，只有电离辐射、苯和细胞毒性药物治疗与白血病有因果关系，但科学界仍在争论白血病与许多其他与工作相关的危害之间可能存在的关联。在本文中，我们回顾了过去 5 年发表的科学研究，这些研究调查了白血病与职业危险因素暴露之间的潜在关联。系统的文献综述是通过电子数据库进行的，使用了特定的搜索标准，独立的评审员进一步筛选了搜索结果，以确定本文中呈现的文章数量。综述中纳入了大量研究电离辐射的影响，新数据表明，可能需要重新评估接触小剂量电离辐射的影响。还有一些研究似乎证实了这种疾病与某些杀虫剂之间存在潜在的关联。此外，还需要进一步研究传染病原体或接触甲醛或丁二烯等某些化学物质在白血病发病机制中的作用。
