Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2013 Aug;8(4):354-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0016. Epub 2013 May 22.
Breastfeeding protects the neonate against pathogen infection. Major mechanisms of protection include human milk glycoconjugates functioning as soluble receptor mimetics that inhibit pathogen binding to the mucosal cell surface, prebiotic stimulation of gut colonization by favorable microbiota, immunomodulation, and as a substrate for bacterial fermentation products in the gut. Human milk proteins are predominantly glycosylated, and some biological functions of these human milk glycoproteins (HMGPs) have been reported. HMGPs range in size from 14 kDa to 2,000 kDa and include mucins, secretory immunoglobulin A, bile salt-stimulated lipase, lactoferrin, butyrophilin, lactadherin, leptin, and adiponectin. This review summarizes known biological roles of HMGPs that may contribute to the ability of human milk to protect neonates from disease.
母乳喂养可保护新生儿免受病原体感染。主要的保护机制包括人乳糖缀合物作为可溶性受体模拟物，可抑制病原体与黏膜细胞表面的结合、促进有益微生物定植肠道的益生元刺激、免疫调节，以及作为肠道细菌发酵产物的底物。人乳蛋白主要是糖基化的，并且已经报道了这些人乳糖蛋白 (HMGP) 的一些生物学功能。HMGP 的大小从 14kDa 到 2000kDa 不等，包括粘蛋白、分泌型免疫球蛋白 A、胆汁盐刺激的脂肪酶、乳铁蛋白、牛乳铁蛋白、乳白蛋白、瘦素和脂联素。本综述总结了 HMGP 的已知生物学作用，这些作用可能有助于母乳保护新生儿免受疾病的侵害。
