Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2013 Feb;47 Suppl 1:190S-9S. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102013000700005.
To describe the most commonly consumed foods in Brazil.
This analysis is based on food intake data obtained on the first of two non-consecutive days' food records from 34,003 subjects aged 10 or over, resident in 13,569 households selected to participate in the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009 from the probabilistic sample defined for the Household Budget Survey 2008-2009. Consumption patterns were analyzed according to gender, age, regions and per capita family income.
The most frequently recorded foods were rice (84.0%), coffee (79.0%), beans (72.8%), bread (63.0%), and red meat (48.7%). The intake of fruit juice (39.8%) and soft drinks (23.0%) is notable, as is the low intake of fruit (16.0%) and vegetables (16.0%). This scenario was similar across all age and sex groups; however, adolescents were the only age group which did not report any vegetables and included candies, sweetened dairy beverages and cookies among the most frequently recorded foods. Some foods are of markedly regional intake, such as manioc flour in the North and Northeast and tea in the South Region. Analysis according to income quartile revealed important differences between the highest and lowest income stratum. Subjects in the highest income quartile reported consuming sandwiches, tomatoes, and lettuce and those in the lowest income quartile cited manioc flour and fish and seafood among the most recorded foods.
There is a basic food intake pattern in Brazil based on rice, beans, coffee, bread, and beef with small but consistent regional variation. The consumption of items rich in fat and sugar is also frequent, particularly among adolescents.
描述巴西最常食用的食物。
本分析基于 2008-2009 年家庭预算调查中概率抽样所定义的 13569 户家庭中 34003 名年龄在 10 岁及以上的参与者在连续两天中的第一天的食物记录中获取的食物摄入数据。根据性别、年龄、地区和人均家庭收入分析消费模式。
记录最频繁的食物是大米（84.0%）、咖啡（79.0%）、豆类（72.8%）、面包（63.0%）和红肉（48.7%）。果汁（39.8%）和软饮料（23.0%）的摄入量值得注意，水果（16.0%）和蔬菜（16.0%）的摄入量低。这种情况在所有年龄和性别组中都很相似；然而，青少年是唯一一组没有报告任何蔬菜的年龄组，并且将糖果、加糖乳制品饮料和饼干列入记录最频繁的食物。一些食物的摄入量具有明显的地区差异，如北部和东北部的木薯粉以及南部地区的茶。根据收入四分位数分析显示，最高和最低收入阶层之间存在重要差异。收入最高四分位数的受试者报告食用三明治、西红柿和生菜，而收入最低四分位数的受试者则提到木薯粉和鱼和海鲜是记录最多的食物。
巴西有一个以大米、豆类、咖啡、面包和牛肉为基础的基本食物摄入模式，地区差异很小但持续存在。富含脂肪和糖的食物消费也很频繁，尤其是在青少年中。
