Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Appetite. 2013 Oct;69:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 May 23.
It is generally assumed that cue-reactivity results from appetitive pavlovian learning. This is the reason for applying cue exposure with response prevention interventions in the treatment of substance and eating disorders. However, not all appetitive conditioned responses are equally sensitive to extinction. Additionally, impulsivity traits appear to moderate cue-reactivity. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the role of impulsivity traits in the learning of different appetitive response systems.
The purpose of the present study was (i) to replicate Van Gucht et al.'s (2010) findings, in particular, the acquisition and the differential extinction of appetitive learned responses and ii) to investigate the role of impulsivity traits in appetitive learning.
Participants (n=50) took part in a single laboratory session. Impulsivity traits (reward sensitivity, response inhibition, sensation seeking) were measured at the beginning of the session. A paradigm similar to Van Gucht et al.'s (2010) was used for the acquisition and extinction of subjective conditioned responses for milk chocolate (craving, expectancy, and liking).
The acquisition of appetitive responses was successful. Unlike craving and liking, the extinction of expectancy was fully successful. Impulsivity traits played no role in the acquisition and extinction of appetitive conditioning.
The results support the differential sensitivity of different appetitive response systems to extinction. The lack of findings for the role of impulsivity traits in appetitive learning shows that the question of how impulsivity affects appetitive behaviour still remains open. Theoretical and methodological issues and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
人们普遍认为线索反应是由奖赏性巴甫洛夫学习产生的。这就是为什么在物质和饮食障碍的治疗中应用线索暴露和反应预防干预的原因。然而，并非所有的奖赏性条件反应对消退都同样敏感。此外，冲动特质似乎会调节线索反应。尽管如此，关于冲动特质在不同奖赏性反应系统学习中的作用的研究还很少。
本研究的目的是(i)复制 Van Gucht 等人（2010 年）的发现，特别是奖赏性习得反应的获得和差异消退，以及(ii)研究冲动特质在奖赏性学习中的作用。
参与者（n=50）参加了一个单一的实验室会议。在会议开始时测量了冲动特质（奖赏敏感性、反应抑制、感觉寻求）。采用类似于 Van Gucht 等人（2010 年）的范式，用于获得和消退对牛奶巧克力的主观条件反应（渴望、期望和喜欢）。
获得奖赏性反应是成功的。与渴望和喜欢不同，期望的消退是完全成功的。冲动特质在获得和消退奖赏性条件反射中不起作用。
结果支持不同奖赏性反应系统对消退的敏感性差异。冲动特质在获得和消退奖赏性条件反射中作用的缺乏表明，冲动如何影响奖赏性行为的问题仍然没有答案。讨论了研究结果的理论和方法问题及临床意义。
